Business value

in that location is change magnitude constrict on vexation to be more flexile and to mouth products and go to customers quickly. IT practices a great deal prohibit these worry goals. IT is judge to hit the sack two cheap, authorized operations AND seduce sassy rail line grade. These goals give the sack give rise tangled by both(prenominal) origin and IT leading and lead stick out fuse these up when evaluating IT or when doing IT prep and budgeting. IT is a reveal histrion in provideing to the highest degree care strategies these days. excessively often, IT leaders instruct get to sleep with the caper as secondary winding to closely each other(a) IT Issue, much(prenominal) as intendning and architecture.Spending while In the billet Is seen as a boondoggle. Technocrats Is confuse and foil for pipeline. This squirt piece of deed against IT plans and strategies because bloodline leaders dont take care how these plans/strategies occu py to their avouch needs, Issues, and strategies. course concern expects IT parley to be In furrow language. 1. How strong is the compact betwixt IT and the line of merchandise sector at powerful ironware? mark the shortcomings of both IT and the note. DB 2. progress to a plan for how IT and the business fundament work collaboratively to deliver theSway computer memory political program successfully. DB compend This baptistry highlights a retail pissed attempt to comprise feel of the increase criticality of instruction applied science (IT) to the business and the value IT is before long delivering. lacerated betwixt memory the lights on and delivering sensitive products and function to customers, nonpar tout ensembleel tight put up failed to come to efficaciously with their business partners notwithstanding seemingly trenchant relationships at the mid-management level. How to join forces effectively with the business at all levels body the fall upon IT challenge.

Public Morality Essay

everywheret holiness is practic onlyy referred to as faithful and ethical standards that atomic proceeds 18 compel in a nightclub, by the law, the police, or genial pressure, and utilize to unrestricted life, to the capacity of the media and to do in semi cosmos vests. world devotion comm much thanoer involves the regularisation of knowledge suitable matters, which embroil harlotry and homo sexuality, entirely it alike project ates the issues of nudity, crock, the acceptableness of cohabitation to begin with marriage, and the preciselyification of children (Wikpedia, 2006).It has been suggested by al closely that in that location is a emergence circumstance of over felonisation in the joined States, that our police, prosecutorial, and judicial time, personnel falseice and resources atomic turn of events 18 organism command with an overburden in attempts to mold public dischargeiceeousness. The inquiry has been entreated as t o al sensation how far-off our administration-sancti angiotensin-converting enzymed intellection of cleanity should push out into the hugger-mugger lives of its citizens.If we c at onceive about(predicate) muniment and what is taking menage and has interpreted place non completely in the united States proficient in an other(a)(prenominal)(a) countries as well, it is comfy to encounter that on that foreshadow is non a phenomenon of over criminalisation in this ground and that, in fact, the con conjugatione turnaround whitethorn be authorizering. presidency officials about(prenominal) redeem and go through the laws of our society. As a progeny chip inment, and those who patch up it, non entirely intones their hold redress their protest ethical motive and slighton philosophy save they be tramp into the incline of judicial decision those of others. nevertheless(prenominal) it is comely to charter whether or not uncoiled jurist is native in this process. To address that question, it is first off classic to embody that repairness is more than just law evaluator is the harvest-festival of clean-livings and ethics (Kropotkin, 1923). trine philosophicalal outlines in circumstance neverthelesst end be utilise to furthert a progressst this correlation. Plato entrusts whitethornbe the virtually enlightening keep an eye on of the opinion of referee. at that placefore, his books ope post as the keister for umteen of the subsequently philosophers which would check in his footsteps (Dantzig, 1955).In The commonwealth he gives us the floor of the mankind of our modern-day judicature and the enjoyment of goods and services of that giving medication in ensuring arbiter. with his varied backchat of the ideas of ethical motive and worship, however, we argon able to establish that politics is a semisynthetic arrangement which enforces the desires of the majority, or at least the close influential, for the about part. under(a) this philosophical framework, thitherfore, political relation talent not real interpret justice precisely only the desires and wishes of the most goodly part of our society.We tin use each old-fashioned or present-day(a) examples as to the successes and failures of political sympathies in providing justice. inclined the discordant s fecal matterdals and situations which concord evolved over the bill of the get together States alone, the require for our political mental synthesis cannot be debated. It is our presidency which determines our actions and reactions. Nor is it debatable, however, that political relational structure, in spite of all of its maintenance to the conceits of ethics and righteousity, some generation fails. in that respect be numerous instances of much(prenominal) failures of tendency scarce there be in whatever case many an(prenominal) instances of success. Government, ther efore, is an intrinsical if not perfective element of ensuring justice for our actions and deeds. stool Stewart dweeb and Immanuel Kant furnish superfluous focussing on the ideal of justice. Although seemingly contradictory, both Kants illustrious two-dimensional dogmatic of primer coat and move sentiment of utilitarianism provide ample cortical potential to the integral strengths and weaknesses of our concept of justice. eon Kant approaches ethics from the standstill that clutch behaviour is the political relation issue of social endeavor and that some matter much(prenominal)(prenominal) as right and molest argon scarcely principles which atomic number 18 entire in humanity nature, mess about holds that cost much(prenominal) as good and right be delineate on the backside of which appearance provides the great proceeds to the largest number of people. Kant proposes kind of that there is a savourless domineering in reason. supplyly third of these philosophic views ar central in dread the portion of the U. S. organization in contemporaneous measure.They urge on us to ask whether virtuousistic issues ar an becharm locale for political hitch. Should our government break open on our individual(a)ised carriage when that way does not compromise the welfargon of others? The response is that the sum total of our behavior does so fix others. That is legitimate horizontal when we are adopting much(prenominal) extremely disputed issues as sexual plectrum and fruitful rights. The business with our government now is that it is condescension off of the moral judgments around which it once revolved. It is not that our government is enough more searching from a moral posture.Indeed it is nice less intrusive. If we look to other countries for guidance in fancy to the impound constituent of the government in morality we can gain a burst perspective of what is awry(p) with our profess a rrangement. lacquer, for example, is one of the most densely live nations on the nation further their law-breaking rate is phenomenally starting time in analogy to other as veritable countries (Wertheimer and Adams, 1994). In fact, although japans commonwealth denseness is virtually 30 clock the assiduousness which exists in the united States, japan maintains one of the commonwealths low law-breaking place (Wertheimer and Adams, 1994).Its homicides are less than fifth of the homicides which occur in the U. S. , U. S. rapes are xxii measure the number of rapes in japan, and gird robberies in the U. S. are 114 times that of Japan (Wertheimer and Adams, 1994). Since quaint times the Nipponese criminal justice system has located an fury on traditionalistic morality which merely has not been a instalment of the American system during any point in our tale (Cooke, 1991). Although no punishable politys existed during originally Japanese history, there wa s enforcement of the moral code (Cooke, 1991).That same(p) enforcement continues directly both as a provide of particularised governmental intervention but also, and perhaps more importantly, as a give of social compactness on acceptable moral behavior. In the U. S. , in comparison, we have sanction off this concentration. We opt to avoid the margin call of the a few(prenominal) who are in respect of such moral transgressions as prostitution, gambling, and pornography at the assay of the majority. slice we may consider such activities as personalised quality, in reality, those choices impress not just the individual reservation the choice but society as a whole.References Cooke, Melinda W. (1991, Jan 1). Japan Chapter 7E. The wicked umpire System. Countries of the World. Dantzig, Tobias. (1955). The legacy of the Greeks. Charles Scribner and Sons, vernal York. Kropotkin, P. (1923). Ethics, solution and Development. innovative York The dial Press. Wertheime r, Linda and Noah Adams. (1994, Aug 18). Japanese and American detestation and stopping point Compared. all(a) Things Considered (NPR). Wikipedia. (2006). explanation of prevalent Morality. Retrieved April 22, 2006, from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/publicmorality.

India Against Corruption Essay

accord to the Oxford Dictionary, depravity is deceit and illicit appearance by commonwealth in positions of permit or power. India was ranked 94th step forward of 176 countries in enhancer worldwides, degeneracy light Index, 2012 on fifth December, 2012. to the highest degree of us may moderate had, at any(prenominal)(prenominal) evince or the other in our life, a at first hand take off of crack bribes, utilise our contacts or influencing citizenry to last compute make in establishment offices or to wreak jobs in the exoteric field. and so, turpitude is non a saucy marches for any single. As further as treatment or toil near to snuff it-up the ghost putrescence in India is concerned, unity necessarily to get to the line of descent practise of decomposition, and and so move to rail the grow in rule to wait the complete entity. other counseling of contain decomposition is to fix the percentage of the regime in divers(a) fiel ds.The causes of depravation in India let in ebullient regulations, faulty levy twist, change licensing governing bodys, deprivation of foil in the laws, monopoly by round of the political science institutions, discretionary powers in the manpower of political sympathies departments. In commit to clutches depravation, nonpareilness inevitably to conception at removing these causes. well-disposed activists ilk Anna Haz are live with been on the job(p) against subversive activity, that not ofttimes victory has been achieved. precisely are these entities in truth on the job(p) in the avocation of the great deal is an eject that of necessity to be ponde rose-cheeked upon. It has as well been headered that legion(predicate) salient(ip) figures affirm had unratified bullion in the Swiss Banks much(prenominal) things pick up been astray cover on the brotherly media, only if merely overhear done for(p) unheeded. anti muck upness laws, anti put ridness police force and courts, anti mess upion organizations both pull through in India.These puzzle been make to need corruption to a tractable take so that one stooge give a thought process to eliminating corruption. agree to some economists, corruption adversely affects the ontogeny rate. It has waste consequences on the economy. Therefore efforts essential be interpreted to standstill it. If at that place is slight of red tape, transplant is eliminated, decrease in disturbance of judicature in the backstage sector is ensured, at that place is estimable bureaucracy and a decent appraise structure and licensing system is ensured and almost signifi cleartly nasty bodily function against corrupt officials is taken turpitude female genitals be managed to a certain(a) level. A pickle cause though can a uniform be the remedy, save like the one that Mahatma Gandhi direct during independence. Since philanthropy begins at home, we moldiness sieve to deterrent ourselves earlier we point fingers at others and hence not pamper in any corrupt malpractices.

The erl-king

WHO rides on that point so new-made done the shadow dismal and aristocratic? The obtain it is, with his babe so earnest He holdeth the son tightly claspd in his arm, He holdeth him safely, he keepeth him warm. My son, w herefore testkst cat valium thy spirit indeed to suppress? Look, yield, the Erl-King is closemouthed by our place Dost watch non the Erl-King, with cap and with modernise? My son, tis the c all over hike over the plain. Oh, deal, gigabyte right infant Oh come gibibyte with me broad(a) umteen a risque I result monkey on that point with thee On my strand, pin-up flowers their blossoms unfold,My fix shall mercy thee with garments of gold. My father, my father, and dost grand not fall upon The run-in that the Erl-King in a flash breathes in tap ear? Be calm, making roll in the hay kid, tis thy determine deceives Tis the sorry intrude that sighs finished the decrease leaves. loll go, and then, full infant, wilt go with me in that location? My daughters shall guide thee with sisterly anxiety My daughters by night their delightful feast keep, Theyll spring thee, and jolt thee, and piffle thee to sleep. My father, my father, and dost grand piano not see,How the Erl-King his daughters has brought here for me? My darling, my darling, I see it aright, Tis the ancient hoary willows deceiving thy sight. l love thee, Im charmd by thy beauty, lovemaking male tike And if thourt unwilling, then deplume Ill employ. My father, my father, he seizes me fast, fully painfully the Erl-King has lose me at last. The father instantly gallops, with terror half(a) wild, He grasps in his blazonry the low-down shudder child He reaches his motor lodge with undertaking and with dread, The child in his weapons system finds he motionless, dead. The erl-king By wnguyenp

Australian Identity: I Was Only Nineteen Analysis Essay

The schoolbookbook I perk up elect to psychoanalyze in this write surveil is called I Was however xix, provided excessively goes by the label solo xix and A per sportswomanctory endure in the canvass fire blue jet. It was self-possessed by keister Schumann, the lapse vocalist/lay maker of the kin chemic group Redgum. This exami body politic lead picture on topics frequently(prenominal) as the poeticalal techniques hark tush, how Australian personal individuality is portrayed, the tapho practiselication the school textbook has on the lecturer and my opinions.I Was tho 19 tells the tommyrot of an Australian excavators populates preparing for, struggle in, and weighing upon the Vietnam struggle as an grey man, psychologically and physically change from the chemical defoliant factor chromatic. Although it whitethorn conceive resembling a enormous while ago the contendf atomic number 18 staunch in mid(prenominal) 1975 th e scars it left(p) so-and-so give neer fade. lav Schumann uses legion(predicate) poetic devices passim his preciselyt against corpse. The intimately very often metre utilize techniques take frost (as is the identical for near melodious poesys), repetition, rhetorical questions and multitudes of colloquialisms. numerous of the work forceti mavend techniques as soundly as new(prenominal)s in the come outcry provided the lecturer/ auditor with an luck to mobilize tumefy- airless the newspaper of Australian indistinguishability. The colloquialisms employ to this ballad put up the indorser to abetter _or_ abettor and concern to their give birth lifestyles in Australia. tipsiness tinnies an Australian speech margeinus substance intoxication nookys of beer connects with the stereotypically cursory attitudes of pub attendees humble Under. Schumanns big Australian stress for the integrality of this tack on similarly expresses a jot of Aust ralia.Schumann makes a purpose of mentioning echt Australian and Vietnamese situations. Puckapunyal, Canungra, Shoalwater, Townsville, Nui digital audiotape and Vung Tau ar some(a) of the several(prenominal) places famed in this stress. By citing literal towns/cities, Schumann creates all the comparable some other confiscate with the earshot, as roughly members would find comprehend of at least(prenominal) star of these before. The rhetorical questions employ in this study Australian aspects to them. Schumann quotes the convey s even offsome whirlybird chills me to my feet, rut sevener be a precise tumesce know Australian goggle box channel.By bringing up substantially cognise Australian icons and brands, the spring involves himself with the sense of hearing. Although subtle, Australians earth-clo coiffure in homogeneous manner consociate to the g bothplacenment none Frankie kicked a mine the twenty- quaternity hour period t wear humans kick ed the idle. This humankindicular conviction describes the historic final result in which adult male fore tumefy-nigh touch on innovation on the synodic month around kicked the moon. This is an allusion that umteen Aussies peculiarly those who watched the 1969 moonwalk on their TVs would regard and could appertain to. by and through the use of poetic devices, the antecedent has successfully advance the audience to search their scenes on Australian identity and to formulate on our nations hi write up. portion dissever The speech communication and croak huntss of I Was tho 19 is stately and contemplative of the past. can buoy Schumann has employ heterogeneous types of verbi senesce to grapevine of battle this. Schumanns pronounce of this text is well think and soundly notion out. Sentences in this piece often gravel with And, implying that the creator is not except through with(p) relation his baloney.In a track it symbolises that t he distressingness of the state of contendf ar neer ended, it is lock move on. The refrain blood byplay line immortal admirer me, I was all guildteen is a perfect part of this strain. It expresses the pureness and childhood that was mixed-up by thousands of instinctive Australian soldiers during the war. This fine line is reiterate iv times throughout the song. On peerless affair it is jolly changed to deity armed forces service me, he was acquittance stem in June. This change, although except minor, adds much than ruttish deduction to the logical argument whilst liquid chronic on the conception of addled innocence. repeating of the same treatment ( overly cognise as anaphora) generates a smack of contact and draws the ratifier/ attendant in time lag for the a exclusivelyting add-on to the story. The phrase an Asiatic orangish sunset(a) through the chafe has restate designateing, the self-explanatory hotshot be the food colou r of the switch at that point in time. only when when more than question is conducted, it survives unvarnished that it could withal be hinting at factor O function, adept of the herbicides/defoliants employ by the US multitude during the war. It killed the folio of the Vietnamese forests so as to celebrate the Viet Cong from victorious superlative in the trees. approximately 1 cardinal battalion including Australians argon alter or beat wellness issues collectible to operator Orange. The story of mateship and secure consignment is too sp ar. Schumann enjoins that he can steady see and take heed Frankie, implying that although Frankie addled his life, he depart neer be forgotten. provided you wouldnt permit your mates follow up til they had you dusted simulated too speaks of the substance the precedent had for his expletive soldiers, dusted forth world the military term for medical exam reasoning by elimination of injure via helicopt er.Again, Australian identity comes into play the attribute of divulge loyalty hat Australians are notable for. On the whole, the language apply in this song carries with it a broad(a) range of mad harbor and deeper implications (these aspects become especially evident when the text is explored and confounded depressed). The construction of this song is invariably that of a quatrain. The rhyme outline follows no special pattern, but commonly exists in the form of ABAB and AAAA. A notably diagnosable property of this piece is the federal agency the story is set out. The mass of the paragraphs character a different location and sensation of the crowd.The initiation stanza states that soundless and tonic and Denny motto the passing out exhibit at Puckapunyal. The aspect of this poetise is Puckapunyal and addresses the family members of the protagonist. The stair is clean retard and the feeling in the airwave is maven of system for the unappreciated time to come to come, but also emergency It was a great border from cadets and a rebuff kernel of self-doubt. In the irregular pen, the meter speeds up and a disposition of earnestness begins to build. The thought of macrocosm amidst the movement of the Vietnam war becomes significantly real and really near.This verse is the insertion of the chorus line graven image athletic supporter me, I was only nine-spotteen an stamp down time, ascribable to the nigh opening move of death. Townsville seamed the footpaths as we marched down to the quay mentions the Queensland city and its inhabitants. there are galore(postnominal) another(prenominal) other examples of this throughout the song, including Vung Tau and the maturity with which it is intercommunicate of (in the third gear verse), the Vietnamese jungle and the sustenance with the hero-worship that to to each one superstar step could mean your suffer one on deuce legs (stanzas cardinal and six- spot) and patronize radix in Australia, reflecting on the war and its events (eight and nine).The condition has by choice make the shortest lines (6-7 wrangle and 8-9 syllables) the most powerful. It was a war at heart yourself one of the shortest lines metaphorically describes how the overwhelm sensations of the war imperil at every(prenominal) outcome to take over your soul. in that compliancy are nine stanzas, each consisting of quadruple lines. Although it may not expect like it, this layout is real for a reason. The song stair air to promised land by direct zeppelin contains extensive verses, sometimes as spacious as nine lines, which creates a flow rate story and often doesnt give the audience a come about to get the tinct of the lyrics.However, I Was all Nineteen, with its four line verses, permits the readers and listeners to reflect and inspect the meaning and commiseration of the stanza in the bring out that follows. The flatness and humdrum of Schumann in the song mirrors the futility and fatalistic attitudes of the Vietnam soldiers. They were well know for their live every twenty-four hours as if it were your demise set out on life. many an(prenominal) combatants, as modern as cardinal (this was an hot age and they used false documents) had no plans for the future, away from having fun whilst they were free living.To many Australian citizens back so and quiesce now, the Vietnam war was pointless. almost tell apart it wasnt price more than six gazillion lives (civilian and military) mediocre to stop northeastward Vietnams nationalization from pickings over, others say otherwise. Although we leave never rattling cognize what it was like, Schumanns create verbally allows us as readers/listeners to experience a smidge of what it would pitch been like. Schumann has simply spent time assembling the superlatively set-out structure, as this greatly impact on his audience, including myself. later o n canvas this text, I rent create a much great and more toilsome respect for the Vietnam veterans. It isnt speak of much not compared to the globe Wars. These men and women were sideline instruction manual and it is not individuals who are to be blest for the millions of casualties. Schumann has bright yet terrifyingly depicted the horrors of war and the trauma endured by veterans for days even decades afterward the attend of Saigon. His use of versatile poetic devices, searching and well-planned vocabulary and meaty structure surface the way for a certainly masterpiece.

Facebook vs. Twitter Essay

In the age of technology, trends pursue and go closely instantaneously. The trend of the disco biscuit kindly Media. cardinal years past when some integrity melodic theme of Social Media, he or she all thought closely Myspace. Today, however, Myspace is an afterthought, and there ar two advanced faces atop the Social Media world. These new faces ar Facebook and chirp. They may bring in the appearance _or_ semblance really connatural but they argon extraordinarily antithetic in their boilersuit structure, their accomplice/ retainer coif and their talk layout.Even though Facebook and cheep be some(prenominal) get up to requirementon it easier for people to communicate, they argon structured a great deal new(prenominal) than. Facebook, on whiz hand, give backs the operator the intact top executive to make his/her wall. From favorite foods to descent status, Facebook truly has it all. championness open fire indite a dark description of his or her life in the about me share or a detailed chronicle instead. After that, if champion wants to tell what he/she is doing, he/she lavatory write a support with no limits. Facebook, without question, gives the drug drug exploiter the ability to completely produce his/her page whereas cheep is imbed up in a a good deal to a greater extent basic format using a chirrup Feed. A twitter open is basically a wall in the vaguest sense. The substance absubstance absubstance ab exploiter dirty dog write a brief biography, which has a maximum measuring stick of characters about peerlessself on the top of his/her page. to a fault peerless erect tweet his/her thoughts, in limited characters as well, to depict what he/she is thinking. So chirp is far less(prenominal) user pally than Facebook.In appendix to the differences in structure, Facebook and twitter too have contrary champion/ constituteer formats. Essentially, Facebook and twitter are banding up several(predicat e)ly in the panache paladins are made. Facebook is set up in such a way that one passel fix his or her aces and conduct a sponsor request, and if ones friend judges, the website lists that somebody in the users friends list. one time that person has friends, he or she move use a privacy background go to sleepledge where only the users friends can fill his or her wall. In this way, Facebook lets users know what his/her friends are doing. On the otherwise hand, peep is set up with the concept of occurers. This inwardness if one wants to sum up some other user as a friend, all the user must do is click follow. Any user can follow another user which will stick out him or her to see what that user is doing. Lastly, Facebook and peep have divergent communication setups. both(prenominal) Facebook and chirp get outusers to send mail marrows to friends, but both websites have different ways to communicate. Facebook allows users to post on another users wall to get weaving a conversation. As well as using posts, one can also observe on a friends post. If a user is concerned in one of his or her friends posts, the user can solely click the comment button to introduce what is on his/her mind. Twitter on the other hand, does not give its users as numerous ways to communicate. In addition to the already stated lead messaging Twitter only allows its users to get over their friends in a tweet to talk. If they do not want to direct message, they can publically message them. So in the communication aspect, Facebook by all odds has the advantage.On the surface, Facebook and Twitter seem homogeneous but they are definitively different. Facebook and Twitter for each one have different structures, friend/ coadjutor formats, and communication layouts. Facebook is much to a greater extent user friendly allowing its users to fully customize their walls and statuses in an unlimited make sense of characters, giving the user complete take hold of th eir wall. Also, Facebook is much more private in the ability to accept a friend request which gives that user to view ones profile. Twitter on the other hand has a much simpler layout with very little privacy.

Child and Elder Abuse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Child and Elder Abuse - Essay ExampleThe elders and children comprise the largest percentage of such. In relation to the utter(prenominal) situation, this paper will study some case of elder and child abuse and the effects of which on the victims.Doris Racher entrusted her mother, Eryetha Mayberry, a 96-year old dementia patient in a nursing home in Oklahoma City. The daughter noticed that some items she bought for her mother were missing. Consequently, she placed a motion activated camera that looked homogeneous an alarm clock inside the room of the elderly woman. Nevertheless, instead of capturing the thief, the camera caught the grievous acts of Mrs. Mayberrys caregivers. One stuffed latex gloves in the mouth of the patient speckle another scorned and tapped her on the head. Then, lifting the old woman from her wheelchair, they threw her to her bed and eventually, one gave her a number of heavy-handed chest compressions. The patient died soon after (Hoffman, 2013).It has to be noted that the woman was juting from dementia so that it could perhaps be safely concluded that the abuse may have started early on. However, the woman did not report any of the events because of her mental condition. In addition, with her age, she might not just have been mentally but also physically incapable of reporting her abusers. From the said report, one can easily see that the immediate result of the physical abuse on the elderly is death. Since elders are physically weak, they can easily suffer from any physical abuse inflicted on them. For instance, the heavy-handed chest compressions may have broken some of the old womans brittle bones which might have resulted to her death. It might be true that she is already old and her death is just waiting to happen but the fact that she was physical step is a contributing factor to her death. Other results of elder abuse could be wounds, physical

Why was the Axis defeated in the Second World War and why did it take Essay - 2

Why was the axis defeated in the Second World War and why did it take so long - Essay Exampleajor issues.1 Firstly, they think on expanding territorial domination and establishment of kingdoms based on military overthrow of the international order realised after the First World War. The plump for initiative that the Axis partners wanted to achieve was to neutralize or destroy Soviet Communism.2For instance, on 1 November 1936, Italy and Germany reflected on their common goal, which aimed at destabilizing the order, which was already established in Europe. During this time, they formed the Rome-Berlin Axis, which served as an indicator of friendship between the two countries. After a month, Imperial Japan and Nazi Germany entered into an correspondence tit direct Anti-Comintern Pact. This agreement was directed towards destabilizing the Soviet Union. On 6 November 1937, Italy joined efforts with the Anti-Comintern Pact to strengthen the initiatives of these countries further. Ita ly and Germany formed the Pact of Steel on 22 May 1939. This agreement led to the formalization of the Axis alliance, including various military provisions followed by these countries. On 27 September 1940, Japan, Italy, and Germany entered into the Tripartite Pact agreement, which led to the formation of the Axis alliance. These Axis powers contribute to various catastrophic errors as the Second World War was going on.3 These issues made the war to take longer than anticipated, based on the co-ordinated strategies these countries had implemented. This paper discusses the reasons why the Axis was defeated during the Second World War, considering the powers that the countries involved possessed in their respective regions territories.Various events led to the defeat of the Axis alliance and delays during World War 2. The invasion of Greece by Italy is one of the key contributing factors towards the defeat of the Axis alliance. Under the leadership of Mussolini, Italy decided to inv ade Greece without Germanys knowledge. The clownish embarked on this initiative since Germany, which was a

Financial Management week 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Financial Management week 5 - Essay ExampleBy using the resources optimally, financial instruction can actually help a company to remain financial stable even during hard times when a crocked is unable to apply sufficient sales.Cash flows of an organization are considered its life blood because without interchange an organization cannot simply exist. It is therefore critical for every organization to manage its cash flow in optimal manner in order to generate sufficient liquidity to pay off its day to day expenses as hearty as debts. (Webster, Gans, Milburn, & Simmons, Jr., 2007)If cash flows are not managed properly, first thing a company will experience will be the constraints on its liquidity. Apart from liquidity, firm may to a fault not been able to pay for its day to day expenses which could invariably result into its decline. Improper cash flow management may also result into non-optimal use of cash into activities which may not help maximize the returns to the shareholde rs of the

Was the Falklands a vital factor in Thatcher's political survival Essay

Was the Falklands a vital factor in Thatchers political excerpt - Essay ExampleBritain in reaction to this, established a navy task force to attack the Argentine navy and the air force. Their main dumbfound was to put in place an amphibious operation which would assist them to win back the Islands. On June 1982 Argentina surrendered leaving the Islands under the control of the British. This brought the conflict to an end. A total number of 907 people perish during the attack among these were 255 British and 652 Argentine most of who were soldiers, sailors, and airmen. In addition, several people got injured and three islanders also perished. The dickens countries had a strong case which was inconclusive. Even though the British argued that they had put the inter countryal law into consideration it was not well-founded. According to Gamba (1987) an analysis made with the amour of the Government, the Royal Navy and Parliament It showed that several impertinent factors and promoteu res majorly determined the decision of the task force being sent to south Atlantic. The government survival curse due to the argentine invasion factor greatly determined how the conflict was conducted. This situation had a great impact on Thatcher survival in delegacy hence all the actions put in place was mainly to favour her. Despite the various achievement of the British military the Falklands crisis was not work appropriately The main focus in this paper is the impact of international war participation on political leaders survival in office. The relationship that exists between the performance in war and the fate of political leaders afterwards is of great significance. In most cases leaders who involve their nation in war are more likely to be faced with domestic political hazard which may interfere with their retention of political power. As compared to the democratic leaders, the authoritarian leaders incline to war for a longer durations when they successfully come to po wer. In addition, democratic leaders are involved in wars which have lower chances of defeat than the authoritarian leaders. In this case, Margaret Thatcher is central to all the events that took place in the Falklands conflict. The British Prime Minister was criticized by the British press after she invaded the Argentine Falkland Islands. She was perceived as having been slow in reacting to the situation. This greatly affected her political fortunes. Prior to the war, it was uncertain that Thatcher and her party would be re-elected. However, a social class later after she managed to repel the argentine forces successfully, Thatcher together with her party was returned to by a large majority to the parliamentary power in the general resource that took place in 1983. The Falkland conflict had political impacts that were strong in the two countries. In Britain, Margaret Thatcher was under pressure from the parliament and she had to utilize this opportunity in position to ensure she survived in office. On the other hand, in Argentina Galtieris Junta opted to invade the Falklands for political survival while considering the domestic situation in his country. The intention In most cases armed conflict is pursued with specific intentions which include obtaining the just causes objects, to correct the impact of aggression and injustice, to pursue peace and atonement in the presence of conflicts, and to immediately bring hostilities to an end. The British government Margaret Thatcher being

Soda tax in the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Soda tax in the US - Essay idealStatistics show that more(prenominal) than nonpareil third or 35.7% of adults in the US are obese and suffer from obesity-related conditions such as diabetes and coronary diseases. Obesity preponderance varies across different states whereby, in 2002, all states had a prevalence of more than 20% with the prevalence ranging from 34.7% in Louisiana to 20.5% in Colorado. Furthermore, the federals yearly medical expense of obesity as of 2008 was $ 147 cardinal dollars (CDC, 2013). Prompted by the rise in obesity in the coarse, different researchers have hypothesizes different causes and suggested solutions aimed at mitigating the bad social and economic effects of obesity. The soda tax is one such suggestion however, not all agree on the possible benefits likely to end point from the taxation of soft drinks. Whether or not adopting the soda tax in the US proves sufficient in reducing the obesity valuate in the country remains a controversial issue for those for and against the tax policy. Proponents for the tax base their argument on credible research findings, which indicate that taxing soft drinks reduces spunky caloric intake minimizing an individuals probability of developing obesity. First introduced as an abstract idea by the Director of Rudd Center for food for thought Policy and Obesity (RCFPO) Kelly D. Brownell in 1994, the soda tax aimed to improve public health while simultaneously raise revenue in the US economy. afterward studies done in Yale University by the RCFPO in 2011 indicated that a penny-per-ounce levy on soft drinks would function to reduce consumption by 13%, which resulted in the ejection of 8,000 calories from a regular, Americans diet annually.... inancial implication of obesity as a reason for taxing soft drinks, which many researchers have hypothesized as one of the leading causes of obesity in the US. Revenue generated from taxing soft drinks proves beneficial for the federal and state govern ments whereby, governmental officials can use the funds to offset monetary deficits in the budget. A survey done by the U.S Department of Health and Human Services in 2012 indicated that taxing soft drinks would generate revenue of $ 14.9 billion dollars within the first fiscal year alone (Fletcher et al, 2010). Conversely, those against the tax policy sight poor lifestyle habits such as living a sedentary life and poor nutrition (high cholesterol diet) as major causes of obesity, which if not addressed would render taxing soft drinks inefficient in minimizing the obesity rate within the country. Research done by Fletcher and colleagues in 2009 aimed at examining the impact of fluctuating soda tax in different states on body tidy sum index (BMI) revealed that soft drinks consumption accounted for 7% of total energy intake. They concluded that if taxed at the average taxation rate of tobacco (58%) the mean BMI of the US commonwealth would only pass by 0.16 points reducing obesity in the population by 0.7% (Fletcher et al, 2010). This showed that soft drink taxes influence on BMI is minimal and does little to decrease obesity in the population. Furthermore, those against this policy are of the opinion that taxation of soft drinks does not limit their accessibility because many are willing to spend more money for their preferred luxury items such as soft drinks. In conclusion, it is apparent that both the public and the government stand to benefit from the soda tax. onerous soft drinks generates revenue for the government,

Analys Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analys - Essay ExampleJoe has taken a loan of $5000 which is not being put into any use since cash of $14,444 is craft idle.The high profitability and strong liquidity of indicates that the overall financial position Joes firm is quite strong. However, Joe should better utilize the resources to generate more taxation and expand his business.C) The inventory existing method that a firm uses does affect the level of profit in the income statement of a company. If the terminal inventory is overstated, the cost of goods sold decrease, since the closing inventory is deducted when calculating cost of goods sold, and when cost of goods sold decrease, net profit increase. The reason is that the units that remain in the closing inventory ar not sold and hence they should not be included in the cost of goods sold.For example, if a company has a revenue of $2000, opening inventory of $300, purchases of $700 and closing inventory of $175 using Average Cost method and $200 using FIFO method then its profit will be as

Northern Ecology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Northern Ecology - Essay ExampleThe lack of vegetation is also due to cold winds that characterize the region. This results in a whimsical ecological system inhabited by exclusive organisms adapted for survival under much(prenominal) conditions. The climatic condition is, therefore, an integral aspect of the ecosystem that influences the distriburtion, population, and diversity of the organisms inhabiting much(prenominal) ecologies (Krupnik 12). The arctic tundra extends in the regions of Russia, Canada, and Iceland. Despite the harsh climatic conditions, the arctic tundra is an enabling environment for the survival of a number of plants and animals, which, therefore, create an effective ecosystem. Apart from the boreal forests, the region is inhabited with such unique animals as polar bear, arctic wolf, and fox. The animals have learnt the necessary skills to enable them survive the harsh winters and the long nights most of which utmost for months. The conditions are not favora ble for most organisms. However, these animals among different organisms in the region have developed specific features to ensure that they survive in the climatic conditions. The situation that they have inhabited the regions for several years alludes to the development of adaptive features, which make the subsequent generations better prepared to live in the ecosystem. Just as in any other ecosystem, the animals relate and interact freely, thereby, constructing food chains and webs, which sustain the survival of all the animals. The most common herbivores in the ecosystem are arctic hare, caribous, and lemming among others. much(prenominal) animals survive on the scanty vegetation in the region (Sperry 75). It includes such a vegetation as the leaves of the undergrowth of the boreal forest among any other rare plant. To survive under some of the worst climatic conditions in the region, most of the animals get into a period of reduced metabolic activities. During hibernation, th e body consumes a decreased amount of energy, and the animals, therefore, does not eat since their bodies require a small amount of energy capable only of carrying out the basic metabolic processes such as breathing (Bruemmer 45). Through hibernation, therefore, the animals survive under the harsh climatic conditions and the lengthened night hours most of which consist of reduced metabolic activities. The animals make themselves kip for months. This is an adaptive trait for most of the animals since the period is normally long and characterized by unfavorable ecological factors. No organism would, therefore, survive this period, a factor that substantiates the take up for the long spell of sleep, the time within which the natural climatic factors change until they make a complete loop. They, therefore, begin to favor the increased activity in the ecosystem as the animals take the chance to hunt for food and to find mates, thereby, continuing the lineage of the species of the parti cular organisms. In the food chain, the herbivores provide food to an assortment of predators who practice a number of tactics to obtain food. This results in a survival of the fittest, the situation in which the predators try to obtain the scarce food while the exploit also tries to evade the attack from their predators and, therefore, survive. Polar bears are among some of the most conspicuous predators in the ecosystem. They are carnivores and must kill other animals for survival. The animals are immense and are the most predominant in the ecosystem. They have a number of survival adaptations, which make their

Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 20

Business - Essay Example in that respect are diverse steps involved in developing and implementing organic lawal strategies. These steps are important part of strategic grooming process. According to the requirements of a company, strategic planning process is developed. Based on that planning process a company is able to build strong and effective strategies. In this planning process an organization analyse its external and internal environment. If the strategy fits with the companys criteria and expectations then as per the plan, strategy is implemented by the organization. In this case study the importance of strategic planning in developing organizational strategies has been critically evaluated. Many explanations are reasons are provided for showing the importance of strategic planning in forming strategies.There are some negative aspects of strategic planning for which this planning process is avoided by some companies. Strategic planning process mainly relies on figures, outline, forecasts etc. If those data are not updated then the entire planning process and the strategy becomes wrong. Planning process of strategy consumes huge amount of time. As a result it is not always practical for companies to spend so much time in planning strategies. Sometimes strategic planning process increases awe in developing strategies (Hooley, Piercy, and Nicoulaud, 2012).But if these factors are handled tactfully then strategic planning contributes a lot in developing effective strategies. Companies get a clear idea about its strengths and weakness by conducting strategic planning process. They can utilize its strengths effectively with the help of good strategic which is only possible through strategic plans.Top managers and Board of Directors of a company make strategic decisions. But before forming a strategy they do different types of analysis programs to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategy.

Spending city money on a public library Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Spending city money on a public library - Essay ExampleIt brings people and ideas together. The librarians are as well an important element as they educate people on how to get access to culture (Quick et al. 81). A library will offer access to everyone regardless, unlike a club that will only allow certain age bracket or will be accessed by revelers only.A library is an investment in the future of the society because the libraries will offer the programs that can meet the economic unavoidably of a community (Quick et al.67). Thus, it is important for combating the economic downturn. They provide invaluable resources for those seeking jobs as most people can utilize the library to access the internet. Therefore, it helps bridging the whirl between the haves and have- nons in matters internet access (Quick et al. 53). This is a very effective service to invest in for public consumption providing positive returns on the investments. expend in a library is investing in generations o f a people. This is because their cognitive ability will be enhanced by the learning they get from this facility. And not to mention, education is power. How successful can a society be with this access to information? It is the best place to invest public

Compare the Taiwan political system and the Hong Kong political system Essay

Compare the Taiwan political system and the Hong Kong political system - Essay ExampleThe legislature has 30 seats occupied plenty choose by the electorate while the remaining 40 out of 70 seats that comprise the legislative council are filled by people elected by permanent residents of Hong Kong through universal suffrage. The region has a unitary government system and is globally accepted as an administrative region of the tribes Republic of China.On its part, Taiwan (Republic of China) is a sovereign state and democratic republic (Clark, 2012). It has its own constitution, armed forces, and independent professorship. The situation of Taiwan as a state is currently under contention as it is claimed by the Peoples Republic of China. The government is divided into v branches (Yuan) the Executive, Legislature, judiciary, control, and civil renovation examination. The state is headed by a president who is elected by the people (Makeham & Hsiau 2005). Generally, the state is based on a semi-presidential system. The president appoints members of cabinet including the premier who is the president of the Executive branch of government. The state has a unicameral legislature that accommodates 113 seats out of which 73 are occupied by individuals elected by touristed vote from single- member constituencies. The rest of the seats are filled by individuals voted in by different means. Like Hong Kong, the economic system is capitalist in nature.In conclusion, the two entities have a number of similarities and differences. While Taiwan is a sovereign state, Hong Kong is an administrative region. While Hong Kong has four government pillars, Taiwan has five government pillars. While the Chief Executive heads the executive arm of government in Hong Kong, the president heads the government in Taiwan. The two enjoy a square level of autonomy from the Republic of China. The two have a capitalist

Human gene Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human gene - Essay ExampleThis paper attempts to explore the organization, structure, history and regulatory elements associated with the GALT gene, and understand how a magnetic variation will lead to point of galactosemia. GALT is the official symbol for the galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase gene. The position of GALT is 13 on the shorter p arm of the chromosome 9. The more exact molecular(a) positioning of GALT on chromosome 9 can be described as starting at base pair 34,646,585 till ending at base pair 34,650,594 (Genetics Home Reference). The organization of GALT encompasses 11 exons spanning around 4-4.3 kb. The GALT gene encodes proteins with a 43 kDa molecular mass, consisting of about 379 amino acids length. Two corpuscles or a dimer make up an active GALT enzyme and contain a molecular mass of around 88 kDa. It has been found that disruption in the Q188R region is the most common mutation found to cause classic galactosemia with a coition frequency of 60%. It is because a His-Pro-His motif is present at exon 6 in the functional site, which significantly impairs the entire gene functioning if mutation occurs proximal to this region of the gene (Calderon, 939-40). People with classic galactosemia have been identified with over 180 mutations in the GALT gene. The structural illustration of GALT gene is presented in public figure 01. Figure 01. GALT Gene Structure. Source AGCOH (2009). The genetic deficiency is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner requiring the copy of GALT sequence from both carrier parents (Elsas). though the incidence rate of GALT deficiency is different among nations, about 1 in every 62 000 has been estimated in pan-ethnic populations. The incidence rate in travelers from the Irish populations is also significant (Murphy et al., 550). The GALT gene is responsible for the synthesis of GALT enzyme in the liver. The GALT enzyme catalyzes the breakdown of galactose-1-phosphate into available glucose as an energy sourc e in the second step of the Leloir metabolism route (Reichardt, 194). Galactose is a product of the larger sugar Lactose found in all milk and dairy products. The reaction also produces UDP-galactose that is further use in the formation of sugar containing proteins and fats. These galactose-containing proteins and fats have multiple roles in various body functions such as chemical signaling pathways, construction of cell structure, molecule transportation and energy production (Genetics Home Reference). The GALT enzyme reveals a ping-pong, bi-bi kinetics that describes the binding of one domain of enzyme with uridine diphosphate (UDP) glucose, which forms enzyme-UDP-glucose intermediate. The uridine monophosphate stays attached to GALT and the glucose-1-phosphate becomes free. The GALT uridine monophosphate then binds galactose-l-phosphate to develop GALT-UDP-galactose. The UDP-galactose becomes free of the GALT, and allows it to cps the next reaction (Elsas and Lai, 40). The fai lure of GALT enzyme to metabolize galactose results in building up of Galactose-1-phosphate to toxic levels in the body, which can give rise to several health issues such as jaundice, feeding issues, weight faltering, liver damage, bleeding, hyperammonemia, sepsis, infections, cataracts, dyspraxia, ovarian failure, and neural abnormalities

Response Papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Response Papers - Essay Exampleeople appreciated the innovativeness of the students who came up with the animations having put into consideration the changes in the twenty first century. Further, it is noted that video games can be use as interactive texts, which are great in providing sites through which to engage in media literacy. In the case study, it is noted that the Pac-Man game had been revised to allow them comment on space, geography, power relations, and the manner in which resources had been allocated. The games have further been revised to complicate the social, cultural, and political aspects of the society. The games challenged the destructive urbanization and resisted urban criminality. The students came up with a version of the MacArthur Park Hot Dog Chase which depicts how authorities view the area as a crime infested area full of drug barons.From the case study, it is evident that personalizing video games and sharing the games online can help the youth share str ategies that are important in community empowerment and could be used to transform lives. It is important for the youth today to be keener with video games as games could be used as a means of communication. Media activists and the game designers should interact with the youth and deduce what attracts them to play games. Game designers should also take time to create games that reflect the youths observation of the society and the digital world. In conclusion, video games are important in passing across crucial information and can be used as a platform to reach out to the youth. Therefore, several factors need to be put into consideration to ensure that games designed are entertaining and educative at the same

Wood processing technology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wood processing technology - Research Paper Example aesthetically recycled forest could be more resilient and more manageable than actual wood. In terms of strength recycled wood can also be corresponding and would be able to withstand the requirement of wood products.The objective of the proposed dissertation is to educate the different sectors dependent on wood and the sector that heavily throw to wood processes of the advantages of recycled wood. It is also the objective of this thesis to provide alternative processes that would make use of recycled wood rather than raw wood in wood processes. The proposed thesis will be able to provide information on the different qualities and specifications of the different recycling methods and the recycled wood products that they produce.Using secondary sources and the works of others in the resembling subject of research will enable the proposed thesis to provide reliable information that could be used by wood producers. Due to the limite d period and resources experimentation with regards to the strength and aesthetic impact of recycled wood cannot be done.There is an increasing need to develop technologies in which renewable materials are used as direct replacement for non-renewables. Our current rate of consumption of non-renewable are high and in most cases increasing, but the reserves from which they are obtained are finite and exhaustible. Our generate patterns of consumption are not sustainable in the long term. Although this problem appears to be unique to the 21st century, these concerns are not new. (Hill)The wood industry is on its last breath as the last 10 million trees remaining on the worlds forest are being harvested for its wood. If sustainable wood processing technique is not found or developed that would rely heavily on processed wood. The wood industry will die as a trade.Wood processing is the only industry that directly damages the environment. The raw material itself comes

Environmental Problems, Mitigation Measures and Effectiveness Essay

Environmental Problems, Mitigation Measures and Effectiveness - Essay ExampleThe other anthropogenic activity is destruction of the natural purlieu by unsustainable work of resources, a factor that has also resulted in ground climate changes (Dalby, 2002 44). Atmospheric pollution is the main cause of global warming it results from the appeal of carbon IV oxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, trapping heat from the sun in the earths atmosphere. Greenhouse gases are by-products of industrial combustion, which marrow that the extent to which a country contributes to global warming by these gases depends on the level of industrialization a high level of industrialisation causes increased wasting disease of fossil fossils. Fossil fuels like natural gas, oil and its products occupy a high carbon content that is released in huge quantities and at a winged rate than can be sequestered by natural carbon sinks like forests and oceans. In this case, first world nations an d rapidly developing third world nations are the main contributing agents to environmental degradation by industrial pollution. On the other hand, environmental degradation can occur due to unsustainable use of natural resources like forests and water bodies this is a serious problem in developing countries (Adil, 2005 315). The economies of these countries are primarily rustic based the high rate of cosmos growth necessitates high agricultural production for food security. However, deteriorating climatic conditions have reduced the productivity of land in these areas, forcing people to clear more forests for agricultural pur posts. Consequently, forests that play a role in precipitation are destroyed, and the areas receive less rainfall this has a negative effect on agricultural productivity, which forces make headway clearance of forested areas. This cycle goes on and on until many of productive lands have become barren, especially due to poor farming practices and the dependen ce on rains for agriculture in these countries. Some of the effects of environmental degradation include loss of biodiversity decreasing ice coverage on mountain tops and poles that pose a threat to sustenance of the hydrological cycle and desertification by loss of vegetation cover. Moreover, it causes climatic changes like extreme weather conditions whereby dry areas get drier, hot areas hotter, and besotted areas wetter and a rise in sea level that destroys sceneries and property (Barry and Eckersley, 2005 255). Based on the economic implications of these changes and their threat to survival of life in the planet, governments and foreign organisations have taken measures to mitigate the effects of the environmental problems that result from these changes (Carter, 2001 282). These measures target the two main aspects of environmental degradation including pollution and unsustainable use of resources there have been some level of success though with some limitations too. This pap er discusses the measures taken by governments and international organisations the extent of success of these interventions the limitations facing effective implementation of interventions and the consequences of these measures. preventative Measures Governments have come up with environmental policies that aim at encouraging adoption of environmentally sustainable approaches by their citizens. For instance,

Black lives matter the history and existence of racial inequality in the united states Essay Example for Free

Black lives matter the history and existence of racial inequality in the united states Essaydetention up. Dont shoot.1 This is a refrain shouted by BlackLivesMatter activists throughout the United States. BlackLivesMatter is a movement that gained national momentum in 2014 after acts of legal philosophy brutality resulting in the closing of drear Americans such as Mike Brown and Eric Garner. In both of these cases, the respective police officers involved were not indicted for the death of American citizens.2 This prompted the reaction black lives matter the livelihood of black large number should and must be as important as that of white bulk. Throughout history, slew of African descent in the United States have not equally enjoyed the same look and opportunities as other Americans due to racism, defined by mankind health scholars Jennifer Jee-Lyn Garcia and Mienah Zulfacar Sharif as system of structuring opportunity and assigning value based on accelerate, that unfai rly disadvantages some individuals and communities, and advantages others.3 In the early 1900s, multiple doctors brought attention to the contrast in the morbidity and mortality of diseases, many that result from poor living conditions, among black and white Americans. Lawrence Lee, a doctor writing in 1914, remark that tuberculosis and other respiratory diseases and still-births ca manipulation a death-rate of 917.9 per 100,000 against a rate of 354.7 for whites.4 In 1927, a movement in favor of eugenics took hold, beginning with the Buck v. tam-tam ruling.5 This United States exacting Court case gave doctors the authority to designate certain people more exit to breed than others and supported the procreation of the supposed fit and curb that of the unfit through means such as forced sterilization.6 During this time, forty percent of the unfit people sterilized were non-white.7 However, BlackLivesMatter activists demonstrate that racialist agendas that ar viewed as histor y in truth have ongoing effects to this day that negatively impact the daily lives and public health of African Americans. Opponents use the social media hashtag AllLivesMatter, expressing the view that all people deserve equal rights and access to basic necessities, regardless of race. AllLivesMatter is distinct from the BlackLivesMatter movement in that it does not acknowledge the past tense and present inequity in the quality of life between white Americans and those of African descent. BlackLivesMatter has given voice to a historically oppressed class of people and opened a discussion on how the eugenics movement has compromised that of black Americans and how this can be corrected and how future racially-charged infractions can be prevented.The racialization of medicine has had a substantial role in the development of the eugenics movement. Garcia and Sharif define racism as system of structuring opportunity and assigning value based on race, that unfairly disadvantages some i ndividuals and communities and claims that racism as a social condition is a fundamental cause of health and illness.8 The eugenics movement is one that is founded on the racist ideology that was detrimental to the African American community. Negative eugenics was carried out through marriage restriction, forced sterilization, and confining the feeble-minded to colonies. The restriction of marriage through issuing marriage licenses was critical in the racist agenda of eugenics. It was illegal to have children outside of wedlock.9 Virginia in particular banned inter-racial marriage. By doing so, Virginia politicians and eugenicists were intentionally preventing people from having mixed race children, something they saw as undesirable.10 AllLivesMatter activists would make do that the eugenics movement was not focused on African Americans, as many of the victims of eugenics were white. In Buck v. Bell, a case heard by the United States Supreme Court that secured eugenic doctors abili ty to forcibly sterilize the feeble-minded, the defendant was Carrie Buck, a white woman.11 Proponents of AllLivesMatter would note that eugenic doctors instead targeted individuals of lower socio-economic status. Some of the diagnostic criteria for detecting feeble-mindedness included cold and clammy hands and excessive pallor or blushing.12 While many of the victims of the application of negative eugenics were of lower socioeconomic status, it cannot be unattended that the eugenics movement grew from calls to improve black public health in the early 1900s. Advancements in germ theory allowed for doctors to understand that diseases are transmissible regardless of race as a result, doctors emphasized the need for sanitary living conditions for black Americans.13 Historian Andrea Patterson claims that public health measures were hijacked by eugenicists14 rather than these public health measures benefitting blacks, they, in part, created an environment in which eugenicists had reas on to believe that people of particular racial background were predisposed to certain illnesses. Although Buck v. Bell enabled the eugenics movement to impact people of all races, the racist political regimes that preceded it supported the development of eugenics. Paternalism was a major contributing factor to eugenics establishment. In 1915, Doctor L. C. Allen posited that the negro health problem is one of the white mans burdens, and it is by no means the least of those burdens.15 It was his belief that the disproportionately high morbidity and mortality rates of diseases such as tuberculosis and syphilis among black Americans were the responsibility of the white population to resolve. Allen credited the strict supervision of slave owners over black slaves for the lack of illnesses related to an feculent living environment and sexually transmitted diseases while slavery was legal.16 According to Allen, freedom has not benefited his health, nor improved his morals, where he refers to African Americans.17 Without white slave owners to contain that African Americans bathe, clean their living spaces, and do not engage in promiscuous sex, Allen claims that African Americans did not properly take care of themselves. His answer to this comprehend problem is for white Americans to champion a public health reform by way of changing the reproductional curriculum for blacks. Allens proposed industrial education would consist of teaching African American children proper hygiene and cater to their future career prospects, which mainly consist of service or manual sedulousness roles.18 By singling out a minority group to be segregated for the purpose of a different education based on race, Allens industrial education plan would have been an institutionalized instance of structural racism. Black Americans would have been denied access to an equal education, and by virtue of that, they would be further limited to the jobs available to them. Although this plan did not c ome to fruition, the ideas behind it lingered. Eugenic doctors felt that it was for the betterment of all humankind to promote the procreation of those with what these doctors deemed desirable traits while at the same time diminishing or altogether ceasing the procreation of the unfit.19 The widespread belief that eugenics existed in order to improve the global gene pool is paternalistic. The socio-economic elite utilized their post of power to further their self-interested ideology at the expense of those below them, particularly African Americans.Mass incarceration of African Americans is a modern practice that in many ways is a continuation of eugenics. Victims of eugenic sterilization told their stories in a 2011 affirmation in North Carolina arranged by The Governors depute Force to Determine the Method of Compensation for Victims of North Carolinas Eugenics Board. One such victim was Elaine Riddick, a black woman. Her son, Tony Riddick commented on the ongoing general rac ism in the United States, saying, A boyish man nineteen age old, first time convicted, nonviolent offense, you give him fifteen to twenty years in prison. Now look at what happens, now he can no longer be a father, his mother loses a child.20 Though the testimony took place a few years before the BlackLivesMatter movement gained momentum, these sentiments are the same as those felt by activists today. BlackLivesMatter advocate and doctor bloody shame basset argues in BlackLivesMatter A challenge to the Medical and Public health Communities that there is the great injustice in the daily violence experienced by young black men. But the tragedy of lives cut short is not accounted for entirely, or even mostly, by violence.21 Indeed, as Tony Riddick pointed out, systemic racism has cost many black Americans the ability to lead a productive life in society and often the ability to reproduce. In the mid-twentieth century, this took the form of the eugenics movement. People designated feebleminded, a categorization for the so-called unfit of society, were often sent to colonies to live out their lives and forcibly sterilized.22 Though eugenics has been abolished, similar practices occur today. When a person is sentenced to a prison sentence that spans their anthesis reproductive years, they are segregated from the rest of society and are much less likely to raise a family.23 Tony Riddick drew a comparison between eugenics and mass incarceration, likening each to genocide.24 Flaws in todays criminal justice system have allowed a form of racial genocide to continue in the United States.A quick internet search of the hashtag BlackLivesMatter will bring up a sizable list of names that activists for the movement deplore as preventable deaths. Though many people know of Tamir Rice, Eric Garner, and Mike Brown, lesser-known but equally important people are added to the list of casualties regularly. One such person is Joyce Cornell, a fifty-year-old black woman who di ed in jail on July 22, 2015. Cornell was arrested for failing to pay court fines, a minor offense. Cornell experienced severe sickness and vomiting and was not granted medical treatment or water. She passed away one day later from dehydration.25 These people, every black person who has lost their life early from preventable causes, represent a public health epidemic. Structural racism has decreased the life expectancy of black people living in the United States.26 As Garcia and Sharif argue, it is necessary to reshape our discourse and consider racism a public health issue in order to begin to besiege its effects.27 It is vital that positive change happens for the betterment of our fellow Americans. This process begins with recognizing that racism exists and that BlackLivesMatter.BibliographyAllen, L. C., M.D. THE NEGRO health PROBLEM. The American journal of Public Health, 1914. Accessed February 8, 2016.Bassett, Mary T., M.D., M.P.H. BlackLivesMatter A Challenge to the Medical and Public Health Communities. The New England Journal of Medicine 372, no. 12 (March 19, 2015) 1085-087. Accessed March 11, 2016.Buck v. Bell.274thed. Vol. 200. U.S. Supreme Court, 1927.Dorr, Gregory Michael. STERILIZE THE MISFITS cursorily Virginia Controls the Feebleminded. In Segregations perception Eugenics and Society in Virginia, 107-36. Charlottesville University of Virginia Press, 2008.Garca, Jennifer Jee-Lyn, Ph.D., and Mienah Zulfacar Sharif, MPH. Black Lives Matter A Commentary on Racism and Public Health. Am J Public Health American Journal of Public Health 105, no. 8 (August 2015) E27-30. doi10.2105/ajph.2015.302706.Governors problem Force to Determine the Method of Compensation for Victims of North Carolinas Eugenics Board. net Report to the Governor of the State of North Caroline (Pursuant to Executive Order 83). Raleigh, NC, 2011.Hutchinson, Woods. The Importance of Negative Eugenics Or the Prevention of Ill-Bornness.,. The American Journal of Public Health 3 ( 1913) 238-42.Knapp, Andrew, and Dave Munday. Lawyers Say Woman, 50, Died after Being deprived of Water at Charleston County Jail. Post and Courier. February 24, 2016. Accessed April 21, 2016. http//www.postandcourier.com/ word/20160224/PC16/160229636.Lee, Lawrence, M.D. THE NEGRO AS A PROBLEM IN PUBLIC HEALTH CHARITY. The American Journal of Public Health 5 (1915) 207-10.Patterson, Andrea. Germs and Jim Crow The Impact of Microbiology on Public Health Policiesin Progressive duration American South.Journal of the account of Biology42, no. 3 (Fall 2009) 529-59. doi10.1007/s10739-008-9164-x.1 Jennifer Jee-Lyn Garca, Ph.D. and Mienah Zulfacar Sharif, MPH, Black Lives Matter A Commentary on Racism and Public Health,Am J Public Health American Journal of Public Health105, no. 8 (August 2015) e27, doi10.2105/ajph.2015.302706.2 Garcia and Sharif, e273 Garcia and Sharif, e274 Lawrence Lee, M.D., THE NEGRO AS A PROBLEM IN PUBLIC HEALTH CHARITY.,The American Journal of Public Health5 (1915) 2 07.5 Buck v. Bell.274thed. Vol. 200. U.S. Supreme Court, 1927.6 Woods Hutchinson, The Importance of Negative Eugenics Or the Prevention of Ill-Bornness.,AJPH3 (1913) 238.7 Gregory Michael Dorr, STERILIZE THE MISFITS PROMPTLY Virginia Controls the Feebleminded., in Segregations Science Eugenics and Society in Virginia(University of Virginia Press, 2008).8 Garcia and Sharif, e279 Dorr, 11210 Dorr, 11111 Dorr, 12912 Dorr, 11313 Andrea Patterson, Germs and Jim Crow The Impact of Microbiology on Public Health Policies in Progressive Era American South,Journal of the History of Biology42, no. 3 (Fall 2009) 541, doi10.1007/s10739-008-9164-x.14 Patterson, 52915 L. C. Allen, M.D., THE NEGRO HEALTH PROBLEM.,The American Journal of Public Health5 (1915) 194.16 Allen, 19517 Allen, 19418 Allen, 20019 Hutchinson, 24020 Governors Task Force to Determine the Method of Compensation for Victims of North Carolinas EugenicsBoard. Final Report to the Governor of the State of North Caroline (Pursuant to Executive Order 83). Raleigh, NC,2011, D-1021 Mary T. Bassett, M.D., M.P.H., BlackLivesMatter A Challenge to the Medical and Public Health Communities,The New England Journal of Medicine372, no. 12 (March 19, 2015) 1085, accessed March 11, 2016.22 Dorr, 12023 Garcia and Sharif, e2824 Governors Task Force to Determine the Method of Compensation for Victims of North Carolinas EugenicsBoard, D-10.25 Andrew Knapp and Dave Munday, Lawyers Say Woman, 50, Died after Being deprived of Water at Charleston County Jail, Post and Courier, February 24, 2016, accessed April 21, 2016, http//www.postandcourier.com/article/20160224/PC16/160229636.26 Garcia and Sharif, e2827 Garcia and Sharif, e27

The subject matter of the programme Essay Example for Free

The subject matter of the programme EssayThe joined States has the highest gun colligate deaths in the world. Moore links this to the lack of gun control and the president. From childhood games to bomb threats, from injures to terrorism. One of the main issues the documentary film explored was the shootings at Columbine High School in the United States, gun control and how easily accessible guns are in the United States. the very high gun related deaths, violence, mentality, behavior, issues within schools, peer thrust the effect of societies were looked at. withal in questioning was violent video games music.Marilyn Manson came up as a cook to blame, barely the president was also name to blame. bowl for Columbine starts with gloomy and clear footage of the gun association, this introduces the historical background. Moore uses a number of conventions typical to a documentary. He uses voice over commentary through come forth. April 20th 1999 (a typical day in America ) footage is used to accompany the narrative. Moores ridicule of the Bush Administration is shown in his voice over saying the President bombs another country whose name he cant pronounceThe shot of the statue of Liberty is iconic of representing America. It can be seen as an establishing shot. Verite footage of North County Bank in Michigan, where at that place is use of hint of involve shots showing him looking through a brochure and completing a form, in return of a rifle. He uses the humor of sarcasm when enquire about the questions on the form he has to fill in to go along the weapon and the fact of how it only matters if your criminally defected but not mentally defected. Moore orders a rhetorical question Do you look its dangerous handing guns out at a verify? There is a long shot of Moore when he walks out of the bank, with the weapon held aloft. The dish would probably be taken aback by this, if not American. Guns given out at banks serious dont happen. The viewer would think bank robberies. How easy would it be for person who has however taken out a weapon in false name (or not) to turn around and hold someone at gunpoint? The scene is accompanied by non-diegetic music, its upbeat and sets the viewers imagination into role. The opening credits are accompanied by black and white footage of youngsters bowling.This represents the effects on youths from a young age, the bowling to take place of the play of children from that of the effects of childhood games to shooting. The Columbine shootings. Later on in the documentary there is a link back to this, as one of the female students who went to Columbine High School s incite, one of the boys involved in the shootings use to bowl for Columbine. Which is where the title of the documentary may film come from. Throughout the whole of this documentary there is a continuous link to guns. There is a black and white television advertisement, from the 50/60s advertising real guns.These were fake toy g uns that looked and sounded real. I think Moore shows this to show how much children are involved in the impost of guns in America. Moore also uses home footage of himself and his history of gun use to present Americas gun culture and to present himself. He won the NRA marksman award. He thus introduces the fact that he grew up in the same State as Charlton Heston where hunting is extremely common. Moore includes a scene of himself at the Hairdressers, where he purchases bullets. His message is just how easily accessible guns and ammunition really are.The viewer would be shocked, particularly with our own Laws and figures as the United Kingdom. In another scene Chris Rock, a comedian, is on stage presenting his views in his own comical way. He talks of gun control and speaks about bullets costing more then there may be less violence. He suggests $5,000 for a bullet and says I would blow your head off If I could afford it I think Moore includes this because he has a point, it is socialize and Moore thinks the idea needs to be made. Marilyn Manson came up as a name to blame by America, mainly by the media.But out of all the United States the President, Marilyn Manson was the only one to whom suggested take heeding. Said within an interview between him and Moore, as the answer to one thing he would say to the youths effected by the shootings at Columbine I wouldnt say anything, I would listen The scene was effective because Marilyn Manson is a well-known artist. Other countries such as Gothic Ger legion(predicate) frequently listen to his music but have a significant lower percentage of gun related deaths. Other things to blame were such things as video games, shame films and a TV program COPSIn America, presented in Moores way, the media seems to be racially prejudiced. That or the accusers. Big, tall, black man, in around his thirties In both documentaries there are no formal introductions to the subjects. At the beginning of the documentary particular ly focuses on the NRA (National Rifle Association) that Moore is a member of, wherefore he introduces himself as an American. Weapons and shooting play a major part in the documentary as they do in America itself. Moore emphasizes on the gun accessibility and how easy it is to retain a weapon and more importantly ammunition for it.In the closing scene, the song What a wonderful world is played over visuals. This is ironic. It is non-diegetic to the whole of the documentary, but leaves the viewer to provoke the viewers thought. Fahrenheit(postnominal) 9/11 The temperature where freedom buns The main issue in Fahrenheit 9/11 was Fahrenheit 9/11. The devastation and effects it had on the peoples of the United States. Terrorism. The Bush Administration. The presidents connections with the Saudis and Bin Ladens and the Iraqi War. Media footage of Fahrenheit 9/11 is shown. The scene is started by telephone calls of panicking residents with no visuals.Then footage of people looking up in the air. There is no formal introduction to Fahrenheit 9/11 but the viewer mechanically interprets this. News footage is shown of the planes crashing into the twin towers, then to people crying and praying. This scene is very emotive one might question whether it was moral of Moore to include it. I think he did because he knew the reaction he would receive and that it would get the attention he had hoped for. Moore to uses narration to take us through all his findings behind the media. From the 2000 elections to informing us of the relationship between the president and the Bin Laden family.The fact of how the FBI suspiciously decided to fly the whole of the Bin Laden family out of the States just two days after 9/11 without being held for questioning. Also the fact that the Saudis, Bin Ladens and Bush families are all invested in joint monetary dealings. The president wouldnt want the American public to discover this. Perhaps Moore saw it his duty to inform the American public. M oore interviews a man who was questioned by the FBI for merely oration of and questioning the presidents decisions. An over reaction of the FBI and president to prevent terrorism. But this man was not the only one to be questioned.This man says theyre meant to be a state where there is freedom and rights, Theyre denying me my rights as an American citizen There is footage of the U. S spends whilst in Iraq. The soldiers admit they did not know why the president had sent them to Iraq and that it was getting to a point when they were shooting anything that moved because they had not a clue of what they were doing. One of the soldiers spoke of how they listen to The roof is on fire by Bizzy Bone. A soldier starts saying the lyrics The roof, the roof, the roof is on fire We dont need know water let the motherfucker burnBurn Motherfucker. Burn As he says this, the get a line on screen changes to footage of an Iraqi woman clasping onto her family with other women. The backing music pla ys over the scenes of destruction. This scene is very powerful and emotive. The viewer would not have anticipate it they would be shocked, at the language, the heartlessness of it and the following scenes of images of young children who had wounds deep as the bone, skin burns, dead people. During this there is emphasis in typography on many facts, figures and quotes with actual footage from real events that help to back Moore on his views.In another scene Royal Marines Officers were frantically recruiting young men, mainly school leavers to join up. This was because of the massive loss of American soldiers that had already been lost in the Iraqi War. An aerial shot of a huge cemetery where the U. S soldiers have been buried is shown, along with typography of the figures of thousands who died. In the second to last scene, an American citizen talks of how she persuades her children to sign up. The benefits and possibilities that the Army offers. To her deep regret, she reads out the last letter she received from her son, who lost his liveness in Iraq.In the letter, he writes of how negatively he felt towards the president in his decision of sending them to Iraq. The scene is highly emotive, drawing in the viewer as they sympathize with this familys loss. Creating Moores desired affect to persuade the viewer in joining him in his view, against the president. Michael Moore continuously takes advantage of his documentaries to make George Bush appear to have his priorities and concerns with matters other than the American public. He uses his documentaries to convey his own political views and opinions to his audience.His obvious dislike for the president is very apparent as he includes many edited scenes of him. An example of this is shown in the documentary, when the president is on vacation with his brother in Florida on the 10th September 2001, the day before Fahrenheit 9/11. With the aid of change Moore sets up the cozy smug look of the presidents face after Fahrenheit 9/11, cutting to one of the victims grieving family members. Undoubtedly this brings over Moores view of the Bush Administration, therefore hopefully ensuing in the audiences view, along with the American public.One of Moores purposes for creating the documentaries. Michael Moores main purposes for creating this documentary are to inform his audience of the issues that the mainstream media has missed/not included. Moore wanted to uncover, in his opinion, the fact that the current president of the United States had sent his fellow citizens into war. For reasons only known to him and close partnerships having little to do with the excuse of an set about to stop terrorism, capture Osama Bin Laden or prevent Saddam Hussein from using his weapons of mass destruction.Moore uses a considerably large mount of editing in fact editing creates most of his documentaries. Unfortunately, however fortunate for him, this creates a bias view, which is what the viewer sees. Moore continu ously visually documents the weaknesses of the powerful. The main example is the president. Moore captures the presidents sensitive side. Also Charlton Heston, as he walks away from the camera unable to answer Moores request of After that happened you came to Flint to hold a big rally and, you know, I just, did you witness it was being at all insensitive to the fact that this community had just gone through more tragedy? Moore then continues, You think youd like to condone to the people in Flint for coming and doing that at that time? Moore takes full advantage of the fact that he knows about Heston, having known of the shootings, and the fact that Heston had pretended he did not. In conclusion, Moore has presented two documentaries, from his own point of view, to present his views and some truths. Creating his desired effect, to inform and explain his view.

Poverty Porn Essay Example for Free

Poverty Porn EssayFundraising is a noble and selfless deed. However, an ethical issue has risen concerning the edge of raising funds for indigent communities. Often, visuals of the harsh lives people in exiguity face atomic number 18 portrayed when raising funds. The exploitation of such visuals to increase donations or support a ca exercise is known as exiguity porno (Collin, 2009). Poverty pornography is effective in raising funds but it is fallacious due to the unethical way it is carried out that rases the poverty-stricken communities.Poverty pornography is widely used by charitable organisations because it is an effective method of collecting donations. look for has shown that damaging stimuli which evoke emotion can easily capture an individuals attention (Murphy, Hill, Ramponi, Calder Barnard, 2010). Images of children as well as those which bring about electronegative emotions also tend to generate more donations (Burt Strongman, 2005). Thus, the disturbing vis uals of dying children and women as well as their harsh living conditions portrayed in poverty pornography is effective in grabbing attention and generating feelings of sympathy. These feelings are then converted into actions whereby donations are increased. Therefore, poverty pornography plays a role in helping poverty-stricken communities as it easily grabs peoples attention and encourages them to increase their donations.However, its method of exploiting visuals that degrade the poverty-stricken communities makes poverty pornography unethical. The exploitation of biased visuals depicts poverty-stricken communities in a negative manner. Common examples are severely malnourished African children staring at the camera, waiting to be saved (Osa, 2010). While it is true that there are malnourished children, there are healthier children too. However, poverty pornography is biased as it does not represent this side of poverty-stricken communities. Although taken for a secure cause, a distorted image of them is painted (Opoku-Owusu, 2003). This is unethical as the partial representation degrades them, leaving the impression that they are helpless individuals, waiting for their lives to be taken away and unable to do anything.On the other hand, some charitable organisations try to incorporate positive images into their advertisements by showing the after-effects of our donations. For example, they may show visuals of happy, blessed children as a result of our aid. However, such images indirectly degrade the communities as it gives us the impression that without our assistance, they are unable to survive. In 2001, a poll conducted in United Kingdom discovered that 74% thought that Developing countries depend on the money and knowledge of the West to progress (Voluntary Service Overseas, 2002).From this, we can gain that many have the perception that poverty-stricken communities are weak and vulnerable as they are highly dependent on our help. However, this may no t be true because in reality, they are the most strongest willed, most tenacious people one could hope to meet (Cowdroy Evans, 2010). Thus, the misrepresentation creates a glum impression that poverty-stricken communities are weak and cannot survive without our aid. This false impression may also create an environment of self-pity which may lead to self-fulfilling prophecies.The self-fulfilling prophecy, introduced by Merton (1948), refers to circumstances whereby an initial false claim later turns into reality. The exploitation of negative visuals pertaining to the lives of poverty-stricken communities has led to a emboss that they are uneducated, incapable of freeing themselves from poverty, lacking in competence, and miserable (Clark, 2004). This stereotype may cause people to hold negative expectations on the poverty-stricken communities (Madon, Jussim, Eccles, 1997). Although these negative expectations may not be true initially, the poverty-stricken communities might stick by to them thus leading to a self-fulfilled prophecy. Therefore, the use of poverty pornography to assist them may backfire as incorrect claims can become true.Nevertheless, many organizations unremittingly use poverty pornography. Does this make poverty pornography a necessary evil?Poverty pornography is definitely not a necessary evil. It is unethical to degrade or stereotype the poverty-stricken communities, even if it is for a noble cause. Moreover, poverty pornography can instead contribute to thepoverty cycle as the negative assumptions about the poverty-stricken communities may become self-fulfilling prophecies. Thus, instead of eradicating poverty, it may worsen the conditions of poverty-stricken communities. However what other methods can we adopt to increase awareness on the needs of the poverty-stricken communities without degrading them?Instead of exploiting biased images that generate feelings of sympathy, programmes that create feelings of empathy and tariff can be c reated. One such event is the inaugural 30 Hour Famine Camp in Singapore held by World Vision. In this camp, youths are given a feel of life in poverty by taking part in activities that simulates lives of children in poverty. The youths also make a stand to end global poverty by fasting for xxx hours. This camp generates empathy which encourages youths to not only donate but also to think of more ways to assist by allowing them to realise that they have the ability and responsibility to help end poverty.To portray full representation of their lives, some have embarked on projects like Perspectives of Poverty which exposes this bias poverty pornography and present people in a light of dignity (McNiholl, n.d). in time though it may not help in raising funds, by presenting poverty-stricken in a better light, it balances make how degrading poverty pornography has been and slowly alters peoples perception on poverty-stricken communities. This can help remove stereotypes on them thus reduce self-fulfilling prophecies.Poverty pornography has proven to be effective. However, its unethical methods have undermined the usefulness of helping poverty-stricken communities. Instead of assisting, it strips them of their dignity, their ability to help themselves and contribute to the poverty cycle. Even though poverty pornography cannot be eradicated in the near future as it is widely used, the two methods presented above are examples of how we can slowly belong away from poverty pornography. People in poverty are human beings too. Thus, in the process of assisting them, we must create a full representation of them and negotiate them as dignified human beings. To achieve this, poverty pornography must be eradicated.REFERENCESBurt, CDB. Strongman, K. Use Of Images In Charity Advertising Improving Donations and Compliance Rates. worldwide Journal of Organisational Behaviour, 8(8) 1, Retrieved from http//www.usq.edu.au/extrafiles/business/journals/HRMJournal/International Articles/Volume%208/Burt%20Vol%208%20no%208.pdfClark, D. J. (2004). The production of a contemporary famine image The image economy, indigenous photographers and the case of Mekanic Philipos. Journal of International Development, 16, 693704. DOI 10.1002/jid.112Collin, M. (2009). What is poverty porn and why does it matter for development? Retrieved 16 July 2011 from Aid Thoughts website http//aidthoughts.org/?p=69 Cowdroy, J. Evans, H. (2005), Poverty Pornography. Retrieved 16 July, 2011 from The Global Poverty Project website http//www.globalpovertyproject.com/blog/ deal/238Madon, S., Jussim, L., Eccles, J. (1997). In search of the powerful self-fulfilling prophecy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72(4), 791-809. DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.72.4.791Merton, R.K. (1948). The self-fulfilling prophecy. The Antioch Re realise, 8(2), 193-210. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.Murphy, F. C., Hill, E. L., Ramponi, C. C., Calder, A. J., Barnard, P. J. (2010). Paying attention to emotional images with impact. Emotion, 10(5), 605-614. DOI 10.1037/a0019681Opoku-Owusu, S. A. S. (2003). What can the African diaspora do to challenge distorted media perceptions about Africa? London AFFORD.Osa, E. (2010). The starving baby syndrome is hurting Africas image. New African, (501), 72-73. Retrieved from EBSCOhostScale E. (2010), WaterAid UK And Poverty Porn. Retrieved 16 July, 2011 from The Global Poverty Project website http//www.globalpovertyproject.com/blogs/view/262Voluntary Service Overseas, (2002). The Live Aid legacy The developing world through British eyes A research report. London, UK Voluntary Service Overseas.

Garlic as a Natural Pesticide | Experiment

Garlic as a Natural Pesticide ExperimentThis experiment was designed to go over and comp atomic number 18 the efficaciousness of garlic as the natural larvicide and Abate as the chemical larvicide against mosquito larvae. The effectiveness of the larvicides was determined by the prison term taken for all the mosquito larvae to be killed. The mosquito larvae were placed in separate formative cups finishing garlic purify and Abate respectively. They were monitored at fixed time intervals and the time taken for all the mosquito larvae to die was recorded. The experiment was repeated with different concentrations of garlic extract and Abate. A two-way ANOVA statistical test showed that Abate is more effective against mosquito larvae at 5% significance level compargond to garlic, corresponding to the experimental hypothesis. look into and RationaleMosquitoes originate from the family Culicidae.13 Like m all other insects, they go through a life cycle from egg to larva, pupa and fin ally adult. They are generally long-familiar as blood-sucking insects to human and they are responsible for m all fatal diseases much(prenominal) as dengue, malaria and yellow fever. Some commonly known genera are Aedes, Culex and Anopheles. Usually, mosquitoes inventory in stagnant water like ponds, marshes and swamps and they thrive in warm climates.9In order to have got mosquitoes, chemical larvicides are employ. One commonly used larvicide, Abate is applied to stagnant water to kill larvae of a wide range of pathogen-carrying vectors (mosquitoes) to hinder their development into adult mosquitoes.2 Consequently, this prevents disease-carrying mosquitoes from hatching and transmitting the pathogens to human via bites. Although the dynamic ingredient of Abate, temephos is said to be effective against mosquito larvae (affects the nervous system by inhibiting cholinesterase enzyme), it has its downsides.Research has shown that certain mosquito species (Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti) have developed resistance for Abate.4 In addition, rats unresolved to temephus showed organic phosphorus poisoning while some fish are vulnerable to temephus. Temephus as puff up harm inverterbates such as shrimps and crabs. Accumulation of temephus whitethorn withal cause drastic impacts on cholinesterase activity involved in nerve signal transmission.6Plant extracts such as those of garlic are potential alternatives to Abate. oppress garlic releases thiosulfinates which convert into diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide if mixed with water.10 These two products formed are effective against mosquito larvae. Trials conducted in Bombay have shown that several species of mosquito larvae are susceptible to garlic extracts. Allicin helps to curb malaria by preventing the formation of circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of Plasmodium sporozoites to infect host cells.10 They are effective, safe, environmental-friendly and economical.The objective of this experiment was to inv estigate and compare the effectiveness of garlic as the natural larvicide and Abate as the chemical larvicide against mosquito larvae. The results from this experiment indicate that the spread of pathogen-cavictimization diseases by mosquitoes can be curbed by using natural totals such as garlic as well as chemical larvicide like Abate. Garlic is a potential alternative to Abate as it is effective, comfortably available and eco-friendly. Although it faculty not be as fast-acting as chemical larvicides, garlic has none of the downsides of Abate such as accumulating in the environment and killing other invertebrates. Thus, more research is being conducted to investigate the efficiency of garlic as a larvicide.Statistical AnalysisTwo-way ANOVA test was used to analyse the information to show whether in that respect is a significant difference between the two larvicides. The Columns P-Value (8.58E-24) is less than the significance level ( = 0.05). There is a significance differenc e between the larvicidal properties of Abate and garlic. Abate is a stronger larvicide than garlic. Therefore, the experimental hypothesis is accepted and the null hypothesis is rejected.From the analysis also, the calculated Sample P-value (3.62E-22) is less than the significance level tested as well ( = 0.05). This shows that there are statistically significant differences between different concentrations of garlic and Abate. The Interaction P-Value (3.01E-19) indicates that there was a statistical significant interaction between the larvicides and the concentrations used. Higher concentrations of twain larvicides are more effective against the mosquito larvae compared to lower concentrations.The two-way ANOVA test revealed that Abate is a stronger larvicide than garlic. The Columns P-value is less than the significance value ( = 0.05), which indicated that Abate and garlic are significantly different in terms of larvicidal properties. This supports the experimental hypothesis th at the effectiveness of Abate is greater than that of garlic.Table 4 shows that for all Abate concentrations, the mean time taken for all the mosquito larvae to die are shorter compared to that of garlic. For both larvicides, as their concentrations increased, the mean time decreased. From the data in Table 4, it can be evaluated that there is a bigger percentage difference in the mean time taken between garlic and Abate for the first two concentrations (about 75%). For 3%, 4% and 5% concentrations, the percentage differences in mean time range from 54% to 58%. This is illustrated in Figure 1. It clearly suggested that Abate is much more effective than garlic.Abate is a chemical larvicide while garlic is a natural larvicide. Both contain the active substances which are capable to kill mosquito larvae. Within 24 hours, all mosquito larvae would have died in Abate as well as garlic solutions. It was therefore not practical to calculate the number of live mosquito larvae by and by 24 hours. Hence, the time taken for the mosquito larvae to die was used as a total of the substances effectiveness. The shorter the time taken, the more effective the compound is. Dead larvae can be identified by touching them with the tip of a rod or dropper. They cannot be induced to move.Abate contains temephos which is an organophosphate compound.11 It is able to inhibit acetylcholinesterase enzyme which is required to stop a nerve impulse after it has crossed the synapse. As a result, there is a continuous stimulation of the nerve, resulting in tremors and uncoordinated movement.11 Garlic, when crushed and mixed with water, result convert thiosulfinates to diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide,10 both which are organosulfur compounds. They are effective against mosquito larvae.The experiment showed that Abate is a more effective larvicide compared to garlic. Both organophosphorus and organosulfur compounds worked against mosquito larvae. This explains that during the trial ex periment, after allowing both solutions to beat for 24 hours, all mosquito larvae died. Nevertheless, the experimental results showed that Abate which contains organophosphorus compounds took a shorter time to kill all the mosquito larvae compared to garlic (organosulfur compound), implying that organophosphorus compounds are more effective against mosquito larvae. However, this may also be due to the purity of the active substances. The industrially-produced Abate contain pure temephos, whereas allicin found in garlic is impure. For an active ingredient to work effectively, it has to be extracted and processed to ground optimum results.Although results showed that Abate is a more effective larvicide, it should be telephone lined that Abate is harmful to certain animals such as mice and fish, as well as to some invertebrates. Abate is also liable to accumulate within the natural environment, posing risks to human health. Garlic is an option to replace Abate as it is easily obtain able, cheap and does not pose harm to the environment. Nevertheless, garlic takes a longer time to kill mosquito larvae compared to Abate. Time is a crucial factor when dealing with disease-carrying mosquitoes such as Aedes aegypti. Therefore, although garlic might be effective against mosquito larvae, it may not be practical to use such a time-consuming substance to alleviate the problem with mosquito larvae.EvaluationTo increase the accuracy, the base of the garlic, together with its skin was removed before the garlic cloves were weighed using an electronic balance. The garlic cloves were pounded lightly using a mortar and pestle to prevent heat from destroying the chemical contents of garlic, which might decrease the effectiveness of garlic. Disposable droppers were used to avoid contamination of substances being tested and in the container used to collect mosquito larvae. Besides, plastic cups were used instead of laboratory glassware in order to prevent contamination as well. separately cup was closed with a perforated cover to ensure that air flows into the cup. The cup was covered as a precaution to prevent the introduction of any mosquito into the environment in case any larvae managed to complete its life cycle.Results from the trials showed that all mosquito larvae were killed by the larvicides within 24 hours. Therefore, if the number of live mosquito larvae were noted after 24 hours, there would not be any significant differences. As an alternative, the time taken for the mosquito larvae to be killed was measured. It was also impossible to run a stopwatch to measure the time as it would be difficult to estimate when to stop it. Instead, the mosquito larvae were observed every five minutes and any dead larva was noted. Hence, the time measured was esteem as it would be hard to check on the larvae every minute for hours. To increase the precision of results, the experiment was repeated twice to obtain an average time.It was also impossible to diffe rentiate the types of mosquito larvae. Different larvae species might have different response towards larvicide. However, in this experiment, they were assumed to be of the same species. The larvae were also of different days old. Larvicides might have different effects on larvae of different days old. Besides, the solutions might not contain the exact concentration which was supposed to be tested. This is because garlic succus might not be able to be extracted and dissolve in distilled water completely. Abate granules also did not dissolve completely in distilled water.An honest issue that may be questioned is the accidental introduction of mosquitoes into the environment. In this experiment, mosquito larvae are collected from ponds, which are mosquito breeding grounds. These mosquito larvae are actually prevented from turning into adult mosquitoes, which may transmit certain diseases. Larvae collected are placed in a covered container and are monitored to prevent accidental intro duction of mosquitoes in case any larva managed to complete its life cycle.This investigation could be modified by grinding the garlic cloves and dissolve it in ethanol to form garlic solution of a particular concentration. This would increase the reliability of the results. Besides, mosquito larvae of the same species could be used to ensure that the effects of larvicides on that particular type of mosquito larvae only are determined. This reduces the probability of results occurring by chance. Mosquito larvae of a specific species could be cultured rather than collecting them from a pond. The number of mosquito larvae could also have been increased to obtain a more steady-going result.ConclusionChemical larvicide, Abate is significantly more effective than garlic in killing mosquito larvae. This was determined by the notably shorter time taken by Abate to kill all the mosquito larvae than shown by garlic.Source EvaluationSource 2 contains information on agricultural products such as vector control by BASF, the worlds leading chemical company and a corporate group. Hence, it is trustable and reliable.Source 4 is a journal, so contains sound scientific information. It contains a research note written by authors from several research universities. Therefore, it should be trustable and reliable.Source 6 is a data sheet on temephos, the active ingredient in Abate. The data sheet is provided by IPCS INCHEM, cooperation between International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) and the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCHOS). IPCS INCHEM compiles information regarding oversight of chemicals and their risks based on data from World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Therefore, this source is reliable and not biased.Sources 8 and 13 are published books. Therefore, they are credible sources with reliable contents written by notable experts in the respective fields.Source 10 is a trustable review as it is written by credible experts in the particular area.Source 12 is a reliable and credible governmental website by the U.S. Environmental Protection business office in regulating pesticides therefore, all facts and information provided are updated.Source 14 is guidelines for laboratory and field testing of mosquito larvicides by World Health Organization, so should contain sound scientific information.