Women Are Better Parents Than Men

Both mothers and fathers contribute to their full extent and provide us with utmost facilities. The try to give their children with best clothes to wear , provide good foods to eat etc , so that their children get proper development. All that parents earn is for their children so that they can have settled life . They provide their children with best possible education so that their children can stand on their own and compete in the world later on . Most of the fathers do jobs so that they best earn for their children and provide their families with a happy life. The fathers usually become the role models for their children . Meanwhile , the mother take full care of their children and teaches them manners of how to live . The both parents are the best teacher for any child . Both parties have their important role as parents , and an ideal child is one that gets the support of both . However , now the question arises that who is better between the two? Whom do the children love the most. The mothers are one those who give birth to a child and suffer the pain during the early nourishment of a child . Most of the working women , when turns into a mother , have to sacrifice jobs , earnings etc . The mothers are more nurturing by birth . Every wife has a dream to become a mother ,so that she can give her love and care that God has gifted to her . It is by-nature that mothers are more loving and close towards their children than fathers . It doesn ‘t mean that fathers are not close to their children , but the feeling that a mother is gifted , cannot be matched by the fathers . Women also stay with their children more than men because men tend to be busy working. Most women are usually at home with their children, This provide children someone to be close to and who understands you. Once a women becomes a mother , she leaves her everything and her main goal is to give the child best care . The best time for a mother is to spend with their children . The mothers are by-nature more emotionally to their children . The mothers do everything for their children without complaining to anyone . Such as she cleans off all the mess of their children and feeds them. Due to psychological perspective, is that children are more important to their mothers than to their fathers. So at the end if you reflect on the facts and how the society think of it always goes to the women side. The children are more into their mother than father because of the treatment, love and care they get from their mother.

Career Interest Profiler Essay

The results from my interest profiler were enterprising occupations, social occupations and conventional occupations. Enterprising occupations include starting up and carrying out projects. These occupations can involve leading people and making many decisions. Sometimes they require risk taking and often deal with business. Social occupations frequently involve working with, communicating with, and teaching people. These occupations often involve helping or providing service to others and conventional occupations frequently involve following set procedures and routines. These occupations can include working with data and details more than with ideas. Usually there is a clear line of authority to follow. The results of my competencies were organizing, strategizing, innovating, following instructions, adapting to change and entrepreneurial thinking. As stated in my career plan a lawyer, judge, supervisor of an office, administrative support worker, supervisor of protective service workers and supervisor of sales workers were examples of possible job titles that matched my competencies. According to my career plan the first result of my work culture preferences was supportive which includes a secure, stable environment, clearly defined jobs, goals and expectations, no conflicting demands, considerate management, focuses on employee welfare, lots of personal development and feedback, lots of recognition and celebration of success and a fun place to work. The second result was high powered which includes demanding jobs, career development, career advancement, the chance to learn new skills, the chance to try different jobs or work in different places, high salaries, likelihood of rapid promotion and other benefits. Last, but not least the third result was ethical which includes emphasis on fairness, active promotion of equal rights and justice for all, the chance to contribute positively to society and make a difference to people’s lives and an emphasis on social and environmental responsibility. After taking the assessments for my career interest profiler, competencies and work culture preferences, I have gained a lot of useful information about myself as well as in regards to what specific characteristics I possess and what type of employment opportunities I should be searching for. There was a ton of information to consider after looking at the results, but I feel as though I can take this information and apply it to my life as I am looking to advance within my career.

How the Media Treat and Report the Minority Essay

The topic I chose is about’How the media treat and report the minority group of people?’. My research problem formulated from this topic is’Why the media treated and reported the Zhang Guorong–Leslie’s death and Foxconn workers suicide so differently?’. Leslie is a famous actor in Hong Kong and due to many reasons he jumped from a hotel building and suicided in April1st,2003.After the media reported his suicide grandly, his fans all over the world felt truly sorry for him and held his death anniversary very April 1st. The Foxconn is a big factory and in year 2010, 14 workers jumped from the building and suicided. At first, the media didn’t pay much attention to report it until the number of the suicide kept increasing. The media reported that because of the large amount of the same work the kept doing day by day, they felt their life meaningless and as a result, they chose to suicide. According to the internet(Baidu) and also my social experience, the media took Leslie’s suicide more seriously than the Foxconn worker’s suicide. When the public thought about Leslie’s suicide, most of them felt truly pity about his death and will memorize him every year. But when came to Foxconn’s suicide, most people only felt sorry for them and felt angry about the Foxcoon’s rules, obviously there is no memorize activities for the died workers held by the pubic. The reason why both media and the public took the death of Leslie–a famous celebrity more seriously is that the workers suicided in Foxconn are migrant workers–which we called the social minority group. As we know, migrant workers are special group of people came into being during he past 30 years in China, millions of farmer’s sons with dreams left their countryside and came into the city, became a new important group of labors. They have low salary, living in bad accommodations and can’t enjoy the same welfare as the citizensï ¼Ë†Baidu internet Encyclopedia). People care more about and respect more to the celebriti es rather than the migrant workers. In other words, migrant workers are just like the bottom level people who don’t deserve to get other’s attention. The reason I think my research is important is that on the one hand, I can find out that how the society cares about the minority group like migrant workers, on the other hand, I can find out the relationship between media and the public through the research. In my opinion, the result of my research shows that the society still not care about the minority group much and this is what we should improve. Also, the relationship between the media and the public is complicated related–the media influenced the public’s interest and their focus, the public also influenced the media as well. My research came from ‘the media and the journalism’ area which is belongs to my major–communication. As a communication student, I want to know more about the media nowadays. During class, teacher told me that the media and the reporters should be ‘watchdogs’–select what should be reported and what shouldn’t, and also give the truth to the public(Agenda setting and the media’s construction of reality). So I want to prove that the media should not only give the truth to the public, but also should care more about the society minority group through my research. My methods to collect the primary data in the field is, first, surf the internet to look through the events and make sure my information is exactly right. Second, I clarify the information and judge it critically whether it is useful to my research. Third, analyzing the information and find out which is suitable for my report and mark where the quotations came from. At last, I select the quotation I can use and put it in to my report.

The ethical dilemmas surrounding gay marriages Research Paper

The ethical dilemmas surrounding gay marriages - Research Paper Example Despite that, the past Christianity was much stricter than the present (Jonathan, 2004). Regardless of such, there are ethical implications that surround such relations. They have not been accorded certain basic benefits, rights and protection granted to heterosexual couples under the state from the federal law. Though gay couple lives in relationships that have a strong commitment on love among one other, responsibility and a right to enter into relation with a partner they choose, they are denied certain human rights legal and economic stability given by institution of marriages. Gay Rights have been denied at many instances. From the article, wedding professionals in at least six states were reported on a case of antidiscrimination. The cake baker refused on religious Grounds offer services to gay couples. In another case at New Mexico, a supreme court ruled against Albuquerque photography business. They had violated state antidiscrimination law. They refused to take photos of a lesbian couple’s commitment ceremony. Moreover, a number of cases were pending in other states such as Colorado, Illinois, and New York and other (Jonathan, 2004). Religious rights deny Gays Equality. The acceptance of gays has continued to grow in America ,but most still strongly convict them that homosexuality is abhorrent ,as gays violates some of gods most basic commandment for humanity and that acceptance of gays in America in abhorrent to God. From the article, a person is quoted saying that his refusal to cake baking on same sex marriages was not motivated by â€Å"hatred of gays† but rather a â€Å"desire to live his life in obeying Gods word." Despite such, constitution guarantee of religious liberty that protects them both there believe the right to act on their belief. They are wrong. Religious Beliefs and Religious Acts-Religiously motivated discrimination is rampant among conservative Christians. They have failed to convince

Should the concept of Race be removed from all legal documents in the Personal Statement

Should the concept of Race be removed from all legal documents in the United States - Personal Statement Example They face victimization by insurance agencies through the red-lining. Such racism in the education sectors is where they are forced to ride at the back of the school bus. Application forms in colleges have a clause on race. The stereotyping facing the Arabs and people of Middle East descent has seen them face victimization since the September 11th attacks in 2001. They undergo inhumane scrutiny and receive treatment as suspects. Since Arabs launched the attacks, any other person of that race receives consideration as a potential threat. They do not receive adequate audience to prove their innocence. In the present day, the discrimination against them is tantamount especially after the al-Qaeda threat. Racism against the Asian-American population has hindered their career development. Though superior in sciences and math, they do not get jobs in managerial positions but only get hired for technical expertise. They do not get selection in decision making

Common law and Civil law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Common law and Civil law - Essay Example The merging of these courts with the common law courts is thus what laid a framework for the present-day judicial system in America. The common laws subject all citizens to similar laws, regardless of their official ranks, or lack of. At the same time, the extent to which the government exercises its powers is dependent on the limitations of the common laws. Thus, the common law can be viewed at as a legal system development of the Anglo-Saxon people (Laeuchli, 2007). On the other hand, the civil system of law is dominant in the European countries that were former French or Spanish colonies. One of the contrasting differences between the common law and the civil law is that the former has a historical basis; they are a development of the custom. As such, they were in use even before they were put in writing, and people continued using them even after they became written laws (Dainow, 1967). In line with this, civil laws attempts to interpret doctrinal writings, as opposed to the application of facts, while dealing with legal fictions. At the same time, civil laws are based on detailed legal principles. Ideally, the methods

Research, Writing, and Rhetoric Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

, Writing, and Rhetoric - Research Paper Example The issue of influences of human behaviour is a fundamental area of study in the contemporary society where issues of morality and ethics almost always touch families and professions. A paradigm shift in the societal mindset is required to alter its potential to cause negative behaviours in the population. The power of a situation shapes the character traits of society members. Dawn K.Coutant, author of â€Å"The effect of A Power-Imbalanced Situation on The Cognitive Processing Of Low-Power Group Members† claims that when a child is born, the brain is blank (78). Knowledge is written into the brain from the experiences as one interacts with the environment. A range of factors such as culture, emotions and authority influences the traits of a person and impacts behavior. The socio-economic environment and situations surrounding the environment affects the traits of people more than they know. A person’s friends, family members, enemies, systems and even the media impact on his behavior in very fundamental ways. Many may argue about personality differences, which are inborn and not affected by the environment, but these traits are developed by situations surrounding the environment. There are certain standards and expectations that the society puts on every one of its mem bers. Adam D. Galinsky, author of â€Å"Power Reduces The Press Of The Situation: Implications For Creativity, Conformity, And Dissonance† states that the behavior of the members of the society is a product of these expectations (14). The society tells human beings what to do and how to do it. It prescribes the mode of behavior and conduct. In his book, â€Å"Replicating Milgram: Would People still Obey Today?,† Jerry M Burger explains the findings of an experiment that replicated Stanley Milgram’s obedience studies. His studies allowed for useful comparisons with the

Strategic Plan and the Structure of the Technology Department Essay

Strategic Plan and the Structure of the Technology Department - Essay Example Strategic Plan on Organizational Needs for Success The process of strategic planning helps an organization to accomplish its objectives. In this context, it can be stated that strategic planning helps to support the policies according to the organizational needs by recognizing the opportunities to make constructive use of Information Technology (IT). In this way, it can also help an organization to achieve competitive advantage. IT is used as a strategic business tool and thus strategic administrators need to recognize and manage the various aspects of IT for taking better advantages of available opportunities. In the Beach Bum gym as well, the prepared strategic plan has played a vital part for satisfying organizational requirements of success. As the business of gym is competitive due to the presence of numerous clubs, IT such as Netpulse can significantly act as a competitive weapon for Beach Bum gym (Segars & Grover, 1998). Strategic planning is meant for long-term management whi ch optimally impacts on IT department. Strategic planning ensures that critical business requirements are fulfilled and more inclusive methods are adopted in business. Strategic planning procedure facilitates in adhering to certain essential disciplines, regulates new systems, institutes good relations and enables to recognize tasks and duties, consequently outlining resource requirements. These activities help for better allocation of resources and cooperatively provide advantages to the business (Ward & Peppard, 2002). IT Department in the Organization The success of an organization in present day’s business environment depends on aspects such as innovation, technology, consistency, quality and supervision. Technology in this sense is a blend of machinery, equipment, techniques and knowledge which can effectively transform the business. Strategic planning can assist in utilizing technology, in order to bring about certain desired changes towards fulfilling business objectiv es. Strategic planning helps to use the IT for conducting business activities in an effective way. The crucial role of IT lies in its capability to support effective business performance (Karadal & Tumer, n.d.). IT resides in an important position in an organization by enhancing the competitive position. Competitive efficiency allows providing services in a unique way than other competitors. In the Beach Bum gym business, Netpulse can act as an innovative tool for supporting the business by facilitating to deliver unique experiences to the customers. As a result, they will be willing to stay in touch with the gym business for the long-run (Karadal & Tumer, n.d.). Innovation and Technology Enable Globalization Technology is a driving factor in globalization. Globalization in business denotes to the high level of interdependency and interrelatedness in diverse and geologically distributed players. Nowadays, technologies such as IT have been shown to intensify complex business procedur es. Technology plays a pertinent role in making the notion of globalization successful. Due to continued new innovations in technology, it becomes possible for people to access and share information rapidly. Thus, technology is changing the way people use information for several purposes. Innovations in technology have simplified efficiency improvements in every segment of business. In this context, it can be stated that IT drives the innovative application of resources to encourage new services and thoughts across nations and

Equity and Trust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Equity and Trust - Essay Example However area of conflict had arisen in the proper disposition of these gifts. A detailed description of Neil’s will and the circumstances related to each of the term stated in the will may prove to be helpful in resolving the conflict. Neil’s will states the following terms : -> 30,000 to be given to the â€Å"Supporters of Elfed Hospital† as a gift -> 60,000 to be gifted to the â€Å"Friends of Thomas Hospital† and -> 400,000 to be used to provide benefits to the inhabitants of Elfed and special privilege to be given to the employees of Neil & Co Ltd and their families. Discussing each of the terms in details would give a clear view of the scenario and will also be helpful in advising the executors of Neil on the probable terms of the declarations made. -> 30,000 to be gifted the â€Å"Supporters of Elfed Hospital† A view on the history behind the relationship between Neil and Elfed Hospital reveals that the main factory of Neil & Co Ltd. is situat ed in the village of Elfed. There is every possibility that considering this fact Neil had included this term in his will, for gifting 30,000 to the â€Å"supporters† of Elfed hospital. Though he mentioned the term â€Å"supporters† and as such there is no legal declaration or discrimination for this particular term, it could be well assumed that the main intention behind mentioning this in the will is to provide welfare in terms of monetary benefits to the Elfed hospital and not in particular to any supporters or volunteers or anyone specific as such.

About emotional inteliqence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

About emotional inteliqence - Research Paper Example In a way, it makes us self-centered and makes us realize that the world is composed of myself and others and that I need to relate well with others. This relationship with others reflects on our team identity, on how well we perform or get together, on our emotional maturity on how we handle our differences (because for sure there will be) and our over-all development both as professional and a person. In a way emotional intelligence makes us realize that to achieve something, we need to collaborate with others or with a team. And to be able to work effectively with others and/or team, we have to learn how to regulate ourselves so that we can achieve our team’s objectives as well as my objective. This was evident with the questions in the tests that asked if it is completely true, mostly true to completely false if â€Å"it takes a push from others to get me going (question #16) and whether I have an â€Å"obsessive mind† (question #20). These questions which represents the test tries to determine if I can motivate myself, control myself and if I can relate well with others. The idea of Emotional Intelligence can be first traced on the work of Thorndike (1920) who theorized that intelligence is not only confined to academics but also includes emotional and social component (qtd. in Mandell & Pherwarni, 2003). Later, investigators like Guilford (1967) and H. Eysenck (1995) presented that intelligence is such a multifaceted construct that it is composed of one hundred and twenty varying types of intelligence (Lyusin, 2006). In 1971, Shanley, Walker, and Foley (1971) already hypothesized that social intelligence was distinct from academic intelligence, but could not support it with empirical evidence that emotional intelligence is a separate construct. This was later provided by Howard Gardner when he articulated his theory of multiple intelligences categorizing it as intra personal and interpersonal intelligences within within the framework

Probability in Healthcare Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Probability in Healthcare - Assignment Example Treating variation for time spent on Physical Education is evident that it offers health benefits to elementary schooling going children. The experiment was done to 300 elementary school going children from different schools. The probability of P.E reducing obese was 0.8. This was considered a positive significance and the probability was close to one. Thus, it was depicted that Physical education plays a significant role in reducing the rate of obesity among children. The researchers also identified a gender difference: additional Physical education reduces weight three times more than to girls of the same age. The explanation behind these results is that PE among other physical activities is complements for boy child (Increased PE makes boys to be more active), but substitutes for girls. The researcher further stated that the challenge was to ensure more girls take part in physical activities in order to reduce their obese rates. Thus, elementary schools should consider adding more time to Physical education classes to increases the probability of curbing obesity amongst school going

Cost Accounting Terminologies Essay Example for Free

Cost Accounting Terminologies Essay Cost accounting, as a tool of management, provides management with detailed records of the costs relating to products, operations or functions. Cost accounting refers to the process of determining and accumulating the cost of some particular product or activity. It also covers classification, analysis and interpretation of costs. The cost so determined and accumulated may be the estimated future costs for planning purposes, or actual (historical) costs for evaluating performance. The Institute of Cost and Management Accountant (ICMA), London, defined cost accounting as â€Å"the process of accounting for cost from the point at which expenditure incurred or committed to the establishment of its ultimate relationship with cost centers and cost units. In its widest usage it embraces the preparation of statistical data, the application of cost control methods and the ascertainment of profitability of activities carried out or planned.† Costing Cost accounting and costing have distinctly different meanings. The Institute of Cost and Management Accountant (ICMA), London, defined costing as the ascertainment of costs. Costing includes the â€Å"techniques† and â€Å"processes† of ascertaining costs. The technique refers to the principles or rules which are applied for ascertaining costs of products manufactured and services rendered. There are mainly two methods of costing job costing and process costing. The process includes the day to day routine of determining costs within the methods of costing adopted by the business enterprise. Within such a process, there could be historical costing, marginal costing, absorption costing and standard costing etc. Objectives of Cost Accounting There is a direct relationship among information needs of management and cost accounting objectives and techniques and tools used for analyses in cost accounting. Cost accounting has the following three important objectives: 1. To determine the product cost.  2. To facilitate planning and control of regular business activities. 3. To supply information for short and long-run decision. Product Costing The objective of determining the cost of products is the prime importance of cost accounting. The total product costs and cost per unit of product are important in making inventory valuation, deciding price of the product and managerial decision making. Planning and Control Another important objective of cost accounting is the creation of useful cost data and information for the purposes of planning and control by management. The different alternative plans are evaluated in terms of respective costs and associated benefits. The management control over business operations aims to establish balance between actual and budgeted performance. A properly designed cost accounting system includes the following steps in the control process: 1. Comparing actual performance with budgets and standard 2. Analyzing the variances between budget and standards and actual by causes, and management responsibility so that corrective actions may take place. 3. Providing managers with data and reports about their individual performances and performances of subordinates. Information for decision Another important objective of cost accounting system is to provide data and special analyses for short and long-run decisions of a non-recurring nature. Appropriate cost information must be accumulated to make a wide variety of short and long run decision. According to Henke and Spoede, the following are the cost information developed in cost accounting: 1. As a basis for valuing manufactured inventories and cost of goods sold in externally presented financial reports. 2. In controlling operations through the evaluation of operating results and the placement of responsibilities for the uses of organizational resources on the shoulders of specifically identifiable persons within the organization. 3. In planning operations through the establishment of cost and budgetary goals. 4. In making day- to- day operating decisions. The cost information is used for two purposes in most organizations: 1) the cost accounting systems provide information to evaluate the performance of an organizational unit or his manager, and 2) also provide the means for estimating the unit cost of products or services that the organization can manufacture or provide to others. a) Performance measurement: This measurement can be done by comparing current costs with those who were expected or standard costs budgeted cost to the degree of knowing which of them have been controlled. Deviations of expected with the current variances can be identified, evaluated and discussed by managers. b) Cost of goods and services: In manufacturing companies, the costs of goods must be measured to determine the cost of items transferred from work in process inventory to finished products. To meet the demands for information, a cost system should measure all the costs of manufacturing process and allocate a portion of those costs to each unit of output. The cost to obtain, maintain and manage the manufacturing plant or building should be added to the cost of material and productive work that requires each unit. The first are called indirect costs and the two last are called direct costs. c) Profit analysis. Information in costs is essential to analyze the profits obtained from a product or product line. The information on the cost of a product enables managers to assess the contribution margin the difference between the price and variable costs and the gross margin the difference between the price and the total cost of the product. d) Product mix. For the companies that offer more than one product or service the cost information is key to handle the mix of products or services offered to customers. With information on cost-profit, a manager can lead the effort in sales and advertising for products that generate greater value. The products that do not create any profit can be removed, have a price reassignation, or tied up with products that have greater utility. e) Price assignation. Regardless of where prices are determined by the forces of market demand, product differentiation and advertising offer to many managers some sort of idea to assign prices to products or services. The costs of products and trends commonly offer signals to managers that prices should be changed. An example could be the change in the cost of a material or critical component which can give a signal to reassess the price of a product or service. f) Cost of service. Many products require the seller to provide additional services to customers. In such cases, the information about the cost of service is so important for managers as the cost of production. The same for companies that offer services only, unless the cost of service is measured, there is no way to know whether providing the service is profitable or not, or whether changes in prices or advertising are needed. Looked from another angle, the uses that the administration of a company can give to the costs can be grouped into 4 categories, specified below Method of costing As state earlier, the term costing refers to the techniques and processes of determining cost of a product manufactured or a service rendered. Different methods are applied in business enterprises to ascertain cost depending upon the nature of the product, production method and specific business conditions. For example, in a textile or steel company, raw material passes through different stages and production is done continuously. In some other industries, production is done at different customers specific orders and each job is different from the other job.

Competition and Performance in Supermarket Industry

Competition and Performance in Supermarket Industry Analyse the management aspects of competition and performance in the supermarket industry, based on the case study given in the attachment. What role have the competitive strategies of supermarkets had in their success? In evaluating the sources of sustainable competitive advantage, which seem most important: market positioning, high levels of market power, or high levels of internal efficiency? Taking into consideration the four current dominant supermarket chains in the UK; Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury’s and Morrisions, whilst acknowledging the slightly smaller popular grocery retailers such as Waitrose and Marks and Spencer an analysis of their comparative individual strategic framework is not dissimilar in many ways. Certainly in terms of the top four providers they have increased their market share through relentless buy up of smaller local convenience stores and chains, in addition to undercutting local suppliers, making them more cost effective. This has resulted in the retail food industry becoming an Oligopoly market, where only a few firms dominate the market by way of high levels of branding, brand loyalty, stable prices and a strong interdependence between the leading stores in relation to their own strategic movements. The emphasis is on advertising campaigns and tough barriers for any new competitors to overcome. They are all benefitting considerably by their economies of sale.[1] Tesco controls over 30% of the overall British grocery market. A market position which provides it with the strength and confidence to succeed against its rival competitors. Not only is positioning integral to the strategic success of the supermarket giants. It was Wal-Marts massive buying power which ultimately enabled Asda to become the second highest retailer in the market, usurping Sainsbury’s in 2003 from its number two spot. Another key area of its successes however grew out of its ability to offer a range of non-food items, such as clothing and kitchen ware. By expanding and diversifying its products in this way it was able to increase its overall market power. In 2002 Asda’s Chief Executive Tony DeNuzio confirmed, â€Å"two thousand lines have been sourced jointly with Wal-Mart and these delivered prices unheard of in the UK market.[2] Similarly Sainsbury’s business success came under threat several years ago when its market position was threatened and eventually commandeered by Asda. It needed to increase its competitive advantage quickly and one of the main ways it achieved this was by expanding and improving its own internal communications systems. Following the decline in sales and competitive defeat to Asda it responded by initiating the Making Sainsbury’s Great Again strategy. A significant four year recovery plan which included terminating the outsourced contracting of its IT infrastructure to the company Accenture. It shifted instead to the development of its own in-house IT systems saving the company millions of pounds.[3] This internal efficiency was further enhanced in 2006 when Sainsbury’s introduced new schemes such as Try Something New Today’ which became their motto for both customers and employees with a new emphasis on training and development and colleague communication . The supermarket chain also introduced a comprehensive monthly employee survey, called Talkback providing them with an indication of the level of staff satisfaction and quality of overall service being provided to the customers. During the same year Sainsbury’s launched an apprenticeship scheme for qualifying its in-house bakers, together with a leadership scheme for its branch and regional managers, designed to improve the level of quality of its management team, in addition to empowering its own staff. A combination of new stores, new lines and internal enhancement enabled Sainsbury’s to increase their profits significantly over the last few years. In 2008 these have been confirmed as  £488 million, before tax. A rise of  £108 million compared to 2007. And an overwhelming profit increase of  £380 million for Sainsbury’s since 2006.[4] All of the factors relating to market position, market power and internal efficiency can determine the strategic effectiveness of a successful supermarket giant in terms of how they inter-relate and require shifting or reviewing depending on the situation and motivation for change. What have been the marketing strategies of supermarkets? Evaluate these strategies. Marketing Strategies appear to be progressing away from the traditional 4Ps of Product, Place, Price and Promotion as Marketing is beginning to become more about the relationship of the public to the organization itself. Markets are now so competitive that more innovative ways of attracting customers is becoming key to remaining successful. Perhaps one of the best examples of a successful marketing strategy in order to maintain its existing customer focus, in addition to gaining more direct information about them as individuals, is through Tesco’s Clubcard scheme. This scheme has enabled Tesco to create a retail strategy, to determine their customers and which market these customers fit into as well as what they are looking for from a supermarket.[5] Similarly its computers for school voucher scheme turned shopping into a means of providing equipment for schools, maintained loyalty amongst families with children, raising their profile as a community conscious organization. Asda’s marketing strategy has always focused heavily on value. In 2006 it developed a new  £45 million marketing strategy which killed off their â€Å"always low prices slogan. A whole new approach to marketing its products now fell under the umbrella of more for you for less, This was a result of Asda’s market share decreasing to 16.7% and a recognition of Sainsbury’s recovery success. Asda also wanted to accentuate the quality and freshness of its food and drink, as the low price concept had begun to have less and less impact on its customers. It invested an enormous  £45 million advertising campaign using celebrities and even abandoned the familiar reassuring ‘Asda Price’ jingle. [6] In 2007, still reeling from the repercussions of its multi-million takeover bid of Safeway Superstores Morrison’s decided to revamp its image and market itself in a completely new way. It changed its logo and introduced the new strapline â€Å"The food sp ecialist for everyone.† In a similar way to Asda, Morrison’s made the decision to move away from the budget concept and value of lower costing food towards an angle that emphasized the quality of its products; where they came from and how they were packaged and presented. [7] This immediately followed a particularly controversial period for Morrison’s who were the first stock exchange company to post their results after the charity Christian Aid announced it would actively expose and campaign against industries that were seen to be abusing the environment.[8] It therefore becomes fairly apparent from these few recent examples that many of the major supermarkets are focusing their marketing strategies around the current political climate of the country, alongside the ever fluctuating expectations of its consumers. Comparatively the supermarket chain Waitrose has consistently delivered a reputation for stocking quality products, that are fair trade and organic. With the contentious strapline ‘honestly priced’ Waitrose focuses specifically on food and drink and has not diversified its products in line with the other major supermarkets. It has a very different socio-economic demographic for its market and their approach differs from other supermarkets in that they are all about brand loyalty. It has an account card like many other stores but chooses not to promote it. Rewards include concert tickets or selected food items, again emphasizing its overall different audience. The same audience who utilisie the John Lewis brand, the controlling arm of the supermarket. And most importantly of all the Waitrose profits are ploughed directly back into the pockets of its employees, maintaining a holistic enterprise with a fair, honest and high profile image. To what extent should supermarkets take into account ethics and corporate social responsibility when designing their competitive strategies and their relationship with suppliers? Do these responsibilities extend to protecting local communities and convenience stores? How should environmental questions be accounted for? By way of suppliers it is fair to assume from the media attention received that UK farmers are often seen to be suffering the effects of the considerable pressures put upon them to deliver high quality for lower prices, in addition to smaller grocers who find it continuously difficult to compete against the costs implemented by the supermarkets. The long-term impacts of battles between grocers and now non-food retail companies in the wake of the growth in expansion of supermarkets in new product areas, indicates that local based shopping facilities could decline further in future years. In response to the seemingly unending expansion and development of supermarkets across the UK, with smaller convenience stores moving into small towns and villages the Office of Fair Trading, (OFT) published the findings of an investigation into Britain’s four largest supermarkets, Tesco, Asda, Sainsbury’s and Morrisons. Primarily based on how they treated suppliers. The report discovered no issues with the relationship overall and the conclusion was positive. However, since these outcomes were made public there remains an ongoing observation of practices by supermarkets nationally and an increasing profile with regard to the social and environmental responsibilities these hugely powerful, profit hungry enterprises have become in recent years. Corporate Social Responsibility or CSR has become of significant importance to supermarkets, with some responding at higher levels than others. Marks and Spencer have introduced a five year eco strategy aiming to proactively tackle issues including climate change, waste reduction and ethical trading. And Sainsbury’s Active Kids initiative, allowing the 80% of all UK registered schools to redeem vouchers for sports equipment. Donating a generous  £7 million of their own profits towards the campaign. [9] However this does not take into account the lack of co-operation by the larger supermarkets to help prevent cheap alcohol binge drinking. Frank Soodeen the Communications Director for Alcohol Concern stated earlier this year that ‘Supermarkets have a responsibility to price alcohol realistically†¦This is not an ordinary product and continuing to cynically market it below cost in order to increase footfall increases the risk to the public health†¦In the current climate of social and environmental awareness, a tough policy for corporate social responsibility (CSR) is worth its weight in gold.’ [10] Asda has since become the first supermarket to remove all of its super strength canned beers and lagers. In addition it has taken forward a new proof of age scheme titled Challenge 25. Customers who purchase alcohol must now produce some form of identification if they appear to look younger than twenty five. Furthermore the Federation of Small Businesses claims around 2,000 independent retailers go out of business each year. Supermarkets selling items with no mark-up are subsequently pushing all other smaller independent traders out of business as they simply cannot compete. Fair trade is an ongoing concern, with cheap labour in foreign countries enabling the retail trade to adopt low cost prices through exploitation. Earlier this year Martin Hearson from the campaigns organization Labour Behind The Label was quoted as reiterating ‘In theory, all the main supermarkets are committed to this but in practice, we have seen very little ethics to live up to the promise to pay workers a living wage’[11] It is abundantly apparent that supermarkets play a significant role in CSR issues and have a responsibility to maintain a level of standards across a number of areas that impact on both local communities and larger global matters. Tesco recently published their own Corporate Social Responsibility policy, which can be found on their website accompanied by the following statement ‘Our Corporate Social Responsibility policy objective is to earn the trust of our customers by acting responsibly in the communities we serve. We recognise our impact on society at all levels and work to maximise the benefits we bring. Customers are at the heart of everything we do. CSR is good for our business and good for the communities where we operate. By building goodwill and trust with our customers, we can earn their lifetime loyalty, which is our core purpose.’[12] To what extent is it inevitable that local convenience stores will decline? Are there feasible strategic or marketing responses available to them? The University of Southampton having been carrying out research around the reaction of consumers to the take over and demise of the local convenience store. The impact on communities who had recently been party to the addition of a Tesco Express in their local town or village within four different geographical areas of Hampshire were analysed over a period of one year providing the following conclusions Many citizens moved away from travelling to the distant out of town supermarkets, preferring to use not only the local Tesco Express, but other local shops as well. The return of out of town shoppers brought about by the inclusion of a smaller Tesco actually encouraged the concentration of increased local shopping trends, rather than having a detrimental effect on the community. In response to the findings the research team leader Professor Wrigley commented â€Å"It is clear that the introduction of the Tesco Express format to these communities helped bring about a major re-localisation of top-up shopping – away from distant superstores towards local shops. If consumers can access the same quality of fresh food and product ranges locally as they do in larger supermarkets, then increasingly it seems they will divert their top-up shopping back into their local neighborhood. This may have potential benefits for other traders, but more interestingly has considerable significance in changing the way we shop – with more people walking and cycling to stores.’[13] This conclusive positive influence of supermarket chain presence in local environments is reflected less positively in a topical piece of correspondence from The Executive Chairman for the Association of Convenience Stores to the Inquiry Secretary of the Groceries Market Investigation Competition Commission in 2007. The letter documents an investigative outcome of Costcutter stores nationwide. Whereas the commission had found there to be no decline in the general consumer use of Costcutters. The outcomes of the evidence provided by the Association of Convenience stores details a very different picture altogether, noting ‘The case: IGD I William Reed reports a decline of 5000 stores between the years of 2000 to 2006, and the decline of independents added to symbol group independents has declined by 4,611 stores in the same time period.’ The correspondence goes on to claim that a significant number of independent retailers are closing regularly across the country. And those that have remained successful have been subjected to takeover bids by Tesco or Sainsbury’s. An example of one Tesco store opening in a market town in Yorkshire, demonstrated that the existing Costcutter nearby received a turnover of a 50% decrease.[14] Although it is clear that supermarkets are not able to meet all grocery shopping needs as more local convenience stores fall into decline, less choice will be available to the consumer. In addition minority groups and those unable to access large super stores out of town, who would ordinarily have completed their shopping locally are now being forced into taking the cheaper option the presence of a smaller convenience Tesco Metro or Sainsbury’s central provides, making the audience for independent and convenience retailers even narrower. How might suppliers respond to the pressure they face? Suppliers are consistently left with fewer choices in terms of providing produce at an economic level consistent with continued growth resulting from the lack of profit made impossible from value Supermarket trading. Not only are they reduced to having to cut their costs, but they are under pressure in other areas like having to accept longer payment plans and cut prices sometimes even further by having to contribute to special supermarket promotional activity. [15] One of the options remaining is for suppliers to consider moving their industries abroad or carrying out more overseas trading. Alternatively by changing their products to meet the demanding needs of consumers to be greener, more organic and free range and finding new ways in which production costs can be consequently reduced in the process to impart better profits would be advantageous. Adapting to new methods of meeting the demands of the supermarkets are a continued necessity for suppliers to survive in the current market. Some suppliers may end up trading overseas, with the supermarkets forced to then buy the same product abroad at a higher cost, but with the profits going back into the pockets of the supplier. This will have a consequent knock-on effect to how all global supply and demand is met in the future. Alternatively the creation of Stockless centres through an enhanced supermarket internet home delivery service would enable goods to transfer directly from the supplier to the consumer door-to-door with no over-head costs. This would help reduce any transportation or logistic costs or financial implications incurred by the suppliers. Some supermarkets are now co-operating at a much more intensive level with their suppliers by recruiting specialists employed to work directly as a point of liaison to collaborate with the supplier in specific matters relating to the quality of the product they are providing, as well as financial advice and support with storage, refrigeration and logistical problems. [16]There is perhaps potential then to increase this level of support and develop a closer working relationship between retailer and supplier in order that both are satisfied. Bibliography Ebrahimi, H, 14 May 2006, Financial Daily Mail article ‘Britain’s top competition watchdog has said it is ready to see small suppliers squeezed out of business by powerful supermarkets so long as savings are passed on to consumers’ Gummesson, E (1999) Total Relationship Marketing: From the 4Ps Product, Price, Promotion, Place of Traditional Marketing Management to the 30Rs the Thirty Relationships of the New Marketing Paradigm: Butterworth-Heinemann Juniper.T, April 24, 2006 ‘A not so super market’, Guardian Newspaper Knights, D, and Wilmott, H (2000) The Reengineering Revolution? : Critical Studies of Corporate Change: Sage Knights, M (2005) ‘Sainsburys calls time on IT outsourcing contract’, Computing magazine University of Southamption press release, 03 November 2005, ‘Consumers Respond to transformation in UK Convenience Store Sector’, ref 05/191 Letter from Colin Graves to Tim Oyler, 23 November 2007 http://www.competition-commission.org.uk/inquiries/ref2006/grocery/pdf/responses_prov_findings_main_party_costcutter.pdf, Date accessed 12/09/08 (2002) ‘Asda fuelled by Wal-Mart power Food Retailing’, Eurofood article 7 March, 2006, ‘Asda plans marketing revamp’, Yorkshire Regional Development Agency article www.retail-vision.co.uk http://www.j-sainsbury.com/ar06/overview/groupperformance.shtml/ Chairman’s statement (2008) http://www.j-sainsbury.com/ar08/chairman/index.shtml, Date accessed 10/09/08 1 Footnotes [1] Juniper.T, April 24, 2006 ‘A not so super market’, Guardian Newspaper [2] (2002) ‘Asda fuelled by Wal-Mart power Food Retailing’, Eurofood article [3] Knights,M (2005) ‘Sainsburys calls time on IT outsourcing contract’, Computing magazine [4] http://www.j-sainsbury.com/ar06/overview/groupperformance.shtml/ Chairman’s statement (2008) http://www.j-sainsbury.com/ar08/chairman/index.shtml, Date accessed 10/09/08 [5] www.retail-vision.co.uk [6] 7 March, 2006, ‘Asda plans marketing revamp’, Yorkshire Regional Development Agency article [7] Johnson, B (2007) ‘Morrisons has sterling strategy’, Advertising Marketing article [8] Johnson, B (2007) ‘Morrisons has sterling strategy’, Advertising Marketing article [9] http://www.j-sainsbury.co.uk/files/reports/cr2005/index.asp?pageid=90 [10] Gough,V, 04 July 2008, Article from mycustomer.com, http://www.mycustomer.com/cgi-bin/item.cgi?id=133794u=pndm=phnd, Date accessed13/09/08 [11] Gough,V, 04 July 2008, Article from mycustomer.com, http://www.mycustomer.com/cgi-bin/item.cgi?id=133794u=pndm=phnd, Date accessed13/09/08 [12] http://www.tesco.ie/csr/index.html, Date accessed 13/09/08 [13] University of Southamption press release, 03 November 2005, ‘Consumers Respond to transformation in UK Convinience Store Sector’, ref 05/191 [14] Letter from Colin Graves to Tim Oyler, 23 November 2007 http://www.competition-commission.org.uk/inquiries/ref2006/grocery/pdf/responses_prov_findings_main_party_costcutter.pdf, Date accessed 12/09/08 [15] Ebrahimi,H, 14 May 2006, Financial Daily Mail article ‘Britain’s top competition watchdog has said it is ready to see small suppliers squeezed out of business by powerful supermarkets so long as savings are passed on to consumers’ [16] Knights, D, and Wilmott, H (2000) The Reengineering Revolution?: Critical Studies of Corporate Change : Sage

The Authors :: essays research papers

The Authors   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the world of writing, the writer’s lifestyle, imagination, background, or world views is what will make the piece attractive. The three writers’ T.S. Eliot, Ernest Hemingway, and F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote most of their pieces with the way they viewed the world or things that had occurred in their lives. The following paragraphs will tell you about the writers past to induce them into writing what they did. T.S. Eliot, a very cerebral poet and also wrote essays. Eliot grew up in a fine family, his father was a business man and his mother was very involved in the community and wrote poetry. Eliot went on to going into Harvard where he earned his PhD in philosophy. After attending Harvard, he traveled around Germany on a travel scholarship and later attended Oxford University where he only stayed a year. His early works reflected the disillusionment of the postwar generation and the tragedy of contemporary civilization. In 1928 Eliot considered himself an Anglo-Catholic, which reflected in his poetry a more positive turn. Eliot received the Nobel Prize in 1948. Eliot’s poetic themes concentrate on the condition of the world and only gain an optimistic strain later as a result of his conversion to Christianity. His new-found worldview colors his later works into optimism rather than despair, though he recognizes that the world is still a dark place in which to live. His poems â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock† and â€Å"Death by Water† from the poem â€Å"The Waste Land† are two manifestations of his early social disillusionment while â€Å"The Hollow Men† and â€Å"Journey of the Magi† are written later with the more hopeful backdrop of Christianity. Ernest Miller Hemingway was born in 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois, in an orthodox higher middle class family as the second of six children. His mother, Mrs. Grace Hale Hemingway, an ex-opera singer, was an authoritarian woman who had reduced his father, Mr. Clarence Edmunds Hemingway, a physician, to the level of a hen-pecked husband. Hemingway had a rather unhappy childhood on account of his 'mother's, bullying relations with his father'. He grew up under the influence of his father who encouraged him to develop outdoor interests such as swimming, fishing and hunting. His early boyhood was spent in the northern woods of Michigan among the native Indians, where he learned the primitive aspects of life such as fear, pain, danger and death.

Depression Essay -- essays research papers

Depression. Depression is one of the most common psychological problems, affecting nearly everyone through either personal experience or through depression in a family member. The cost in human suffering cannot be estimated. Depression can interfere with normal functioning, and frequently causes problems with work, social and family adjustment. It causes pain and suffering not only to those who have a disorder, but also to those who care about them. Serious depression can destroy family life as well as the life of the depressed person. Impact of Depression:  Causes tremendous emotional pain  Disrupts the lives of millions of people  Adversely affects the lives of families and friends  Reduces work productivity and absenteeism  Has a significant negative impact on the economy.  Depression is a psychological condition that changes how you think and feel, and also affects your social behavior and sense of physical well being. We have all felt sad at one time or another, but that is not depression. Sometimes we feel tired from working hard, or discouraged when faced with serious problems. This too, is not depression. These feelings usually pass within a few days or weeks, once we adjust to the stress. Cause of depression: Clinical depression is a very common psychological problem, and most people never seek proper treatment, or seek treatment but they are misdiagnosed with physical illness. This is extremely unfortunate because, with proper treatment, nearly 80% of those with depression can make significant improvement in their mood and life adjustment. â€Å"You may have heard people talk about chemical imbalances in the brain that occur in depression, suggesting that depression is a medical illness, without psychological causes†. However, all psychological problems have some physical manifestations, and all physical illnesses have psychological components as well. In fact, the chemical imbalances that occur during depression usually disappear when you complete psychotherapy for depression, without taking any medications to correct the imbalance. This suggests that the imbalance is the body's physical response to psychological depression, rather than the other way around. People who have low self-esteem, who consistently view themselves and the world with pessimism, or who are readily shoc... ...treatment. This may involve encouraging the individual to stay with treatment until the symptoms begin to decrease (several weeks), or to seek different treatment if no improvement occurs. On occasion, it may require making an appointment and along with the depressed person to appointments with the psychologist. Invite the depressed person for walks, outings, to the movies, and other activities. Be gently purposeful if your invitation is refused. Encourage participation in some activities that once gave pleasure, such as hobbies, sports, religious or cultural activities, but do not push the depressed person to undertake too much too soon. The depressed person needs deviation and company, but too many demands can increase feelings of failure. â€Å"A complete psychological diagnostic evaluation will help you decide the type of treatment that might be best for you†. Psychologists†. Bio................. The National Institute of Mental Health Psychology Information Online , developed by Donald J. Franklin, Ph.D., provides information about the practice of psychology, features Continuing Education Programs and a Psychology Bookstore, and hosts the National Directory of Psychologists.

Symptoms and Diagnosis of Plasmodium Essay -- Biology Medical Biomedic

Symptoms and Diagnosis of Plasmodium Malaria is a disease caused by a protozoan parasite and transported by the Anopheles mosquito. Fever is the most common symptom of malaria. Other symptoms include arthralgia and vomiting. The most common diagnosis process for this disease is looking at the patient’s blood under a microscope. If microscopy is not available, antigen detection tests can be used. In a year, there can be as many as five hundred million new cases of malaria, and of those five hundred million, 2.7 million die. That means, on average, a malaria-caused death happens once every twelve seconds. Malaria â€Å"threatens more than 40 percent of the world's population.† (â€Å"NIDCD,† 2002) So what exactly is malaria? What are its symptoms and how would someone diagnose this disease? Malaria is a disease cause by a protozoan parasite. There are four species of these one-celled organisms that cause malaria in humans. They are known as Plasmodium; the most common is Plasmodium falciparum. To get inside our system, Anopheles mosquitoes are needed to transport this killer parasite. Fig. 1 (â€Å"NIDCD† 2002) Symptoms occur about ten to sixteen days after the mosquito bite. (â€Å"Malaria, 2002) Fever and classic flu symptoms begin. Symptoms sometimes follow a pattern of days where the attacks vanish and reoccur again. The period of time when the symptoms come and goes depends on the species of protozoa. For the parasites P. vivax and P. ovale, symptoms come and go for two days, and P. malariae has a three day period. Shivering occurs as well as head and muscle aches. The person infected becomes lethargic. Arthralgia and vomiting are other common symptoms of malaria. Because the parasite is invading and killing red blood cells, malaria can res... ...Malaria. Retrieved July 26, 2006, from CDC Web site: http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/faq.htm#symptoms (2005, November 11). Malaria. Retrieved July 26, 2006, from Microbiology @ Leicester Web site: http://www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk/224/Malaria.html (2006). Malaria. Retrieved July 28, 2006, from institute for OneWorld Health Web site: http://www.oneworldhealth.org/diseases/malaria.php (2002, September). Malaria. Retrieved July 30, 2006, from US Department of Health and Human Services Web site: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/medlineplus/leavemedplus.pl?theORG=%4E%49%41%49%44&theURL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eniai d%2Enih%2Egov%2Fpublications%2Fmalaria%2Fpdf%2Fmalaria%2Epdf (2002). NIDCD. Retrieved July 30, 2006, from Fooling Anopheles: Scientists Aim to Wipe Out Malaria by Outsmarting a Mosquito's Sense of Smell Web site: http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/staticresources/images/malaria.jpg

Essential Aspects of Communication Displayed Through Film Essay

Abstract In interpersonal communication, there are several variables that create a dialogue between two or more people. From the film Hitch, directed by Andy Tennant, the four main variables of interpersonal communication used are perception, nonverbal communication, certain aspects of relational development, and culture. All of these variables play a role in the film to create the relationships and communication that occur in the film. Some of the communication portrayed in the film Hitch is nonverbal between the various characters. Two main relationships develop throughout the film; these relationships are between characters, Hitch and Sara, Albert and Allegra. Culture shapes the way people are and how they choose their relationship partners, which is an essential point displayed in Hitch. The study of how perception plays a role in life is shown in this film by how people view others by their appearance, and nonverbal cues. Relational development is also shown throughout the film to displa y how relationships in the film begin to develop into lifelong bonds. Essential Aspects of Communication Displayed Through Film Introduction Life is a melting pot. It is filled with pieces from here and there, but in the end comes together as a whole collaboration. Our way of making life is through communication. Communication is a collaboration of verbal dialogue, as well as nonverbal cues. These items are essential to our communication, but the way in which they are interpreted depends on how one perceives it, which is dependent upon their culture. The 2005 film Hitch, displays prime examples of communication through relationships nudged by Alex Hitchens. Alex is â€Å"Hitch,† a professional matchmaker as one might say, whose job is to make unlikely interactions happen between two unlikely people. Through this tactic, he is able to bring together people who are right for one another, but who would never had met would it not have been for his intervention. Hitch, directed by Andy Tennant, uses nonverbal communication, perception, culture, and aspects of relational development to explore the way in which people dia logue, and the relationships that grow due to this communication. Perception The film Hitch, is filled with many aspects of interpersonal communication, one of them being perception. Perception is how we see others, interpret their dialogue, actions, etc. In this film, Albert is not noticed by his hopeful love interest, Allegra. Hitch believes that in order for Albert to be noticed by this beautiful woman, he must change the way he conducts himself, and the way Allegra perceives him. First, Hitch tries to help Albert gain a sense of self-esteem, in order for Allegra to notice him as a strong, outgoing, and successful man, rather than the shy and timid person he is. What Hitch wants his clients to experience a change in their â€Å"self-concept.† Alder (2012) describes self-concept as, â€Å"The relatively stable set of perceptions each individual holds on herself or himself † (G-11). Also stated in the text, â€Å"Children who have a low opinion of themselves are more likely to see themselves as victims of bullying, both in their classrooms and in cyberspace. The way we think and feel about ourselves strongly influences how we interpret others’ behavior (p. 119)†. Perhaps Albert had such a low sense of self-esteem that he truly believed women did not notice nor have an interest in him, when perhaps this belief could have been created due to his own sense of his self-concept. An early example of perception occurs when, early in the film, Sara is speaking with her friend Casey about the man she recently went on a date with. She says, â€Å"He was affectionate and sweet, and told me all of these affectionate things like how he can’t taste food and he wants three kids†¦ I never seen anyone get dressed so fast!† This is an example of how gender roles play an extremely important role in perception. According to Adler (2012), â€Å"†¦masculine males tend to see their interpersonal relationships as opportunities to win something. Feminine females typically see their interpersonal relationships as opportunities to be nurturing, to express their feelings and emotions† (p. 120). In this instance, Vance, the man involved, wa s not looking to commit to a relationship like Casey. She truly believed that since Vance was so kind and sweet, she would be able to open up to him as well, whereas he was only interested in a one-night stand. This moment is very pivotal,, as Casey and Sara believe because of this interaction, Hitch’s goal is to teach men how to â€Å"bed† women. Further on in the film, Sara uncovers the fact that her new love interest is in fact the infamous Hitch. When reacting to this discovery, Sara makes a snap judgment, which according to Webster Dictionary is â€Å"A judgment formed on the instant without deliberation.† She makes this kind of judgment in how she reacts to the fact that Hitch’s profession is supposedly teaching men how to â€Å"bed† women. Essentially, Sara ends the relationship, as well as contact between she and Hitch, without hearing Hitch’s side of the story. Snap judgments occur almost instantaneously, whether it is a first impression, or judgment relating to a situation where someone has self-disclosed information about themselves or others. Allegra as well tends to make these quick judgments, especially when she learns that Albert had been consulting with Hitch. She immediately assumes everything she fell in love with in him was just a marketing ploy of sorts, sold by a matchmaker. Making snap judgments can often lead to stereotyping the other person involved within the communication. Stereotyping is a subset of snap judgments, and is defined by Adler (2012) as â€Å"†¦exaggerated beliefs associated with a categorization system† (p.125). Sara takes part in stereotyping when she assumes all of Hitch’s clients, and Hitch himself are like Vance, the one-night-stand. Based on the information she has perceived, it would not be a stretch for her to make that particular judgment. If Sara had possessed the chance to meet Albert by this time, she would realize that not all of Hitch’s clients are as egotistical and narcissistic as Vance. At the same time, Albert is defying the stereotype of the normal â€Å"Hitch client† and wins Allegra over with his natural qualities, rather than the ones his matchmaker Hitch instructed him to have. Much of the communication Albert wins Allegra over with is nonverbal, especially due to the fact that he often stumbles over his words. Nonverbal Communication Hitch, begins with the statistic that, â€Å"60% of all human communication is nonverbal, body language, and 30% is your tone. This means that 90% of what you’re saying ain’t coming out of your mouth.† (Tennant, 2005). According to the Twelfth Edition of Interplay: The Process of Interpersonal Communication, nonverbal communication is any message that is expressed through nonlinguistic methods (p. 177). Nonverbal communication shares just as much importance as verbal communication, if not more, in that through these messages people share their true feelings and responses to the world around them. Unlike verbal communication, nonverbal communication is often unconscious and continuous, meaning that it is likely uncontrollable. Before a response is spoken, before the response is even heard, one is already nonverbally communicating. Nonverbal messages arise in numerous forms, from the way one moves his/her body, to the way one dresses and even speaks. Nonverbal messages support many functions. They can be used to repeat the verbal message that was just spoken. Similarly, they can be used to substitute for the verbal messages. For example, instead of saying yes one could nod. These cues and gestures are called emblems, which are nonverbal behaviors, which can be directly translated into words or phrases (A. Cordova, November 14, 2012). Nonverbal communication can either complement or contradict the verbal message. In complementing the message, the nonverbal communication not only adds to the message, but reinforces it. Messages may be contradictory when a person says one thing but really means another nonverbally. Nonverbal behaviors can also accent, emphasize, or draw attention to or away from a verbal message. Lastly, nonverbal communication can be used to control and regulate the flow of conversation, as well as start and end interactions (A. Cordova, November 14, 2012). The opening scene of Hitch, summarizes many of the ways that nonverbal communication plays a major role in everyday lives. This movie combined with Alex â€Å"Hitch† Hitchens, addresses how nonverbal communication is important in communication, especially with women, in the formation and enhancing of relationships. For example, Hitch points out that women often say verbally things that they really don’t mean: â€Å"This is a really bad time for me,† â€Å"I just need some space,† â€Å"I’m really into my career right now,† etc. (Tennant, 2005). Even though women say things like this, they may mean something entirely different. Hitch speaks of how sometimes women don’t know what they want until they see it. This is the part where nonverbal communication comes into play for men. In the very first scene, a woman’s dog rushes out of her hands and out of an elevator, only to be â€Å"saved† by the admiring man who hired Hitch, who in turn orchestrated the whole thing. The woman who lost her dog had presumably never met or spoken to the man who rescued her dog. Even though the woman had never verbally communicated with this man, she was extremely relieved, grateful, and impressed when she saw him defend her dog in the middle of the street. Without saying a single word, the man was able to improve his romantic chances with this woman greatly. The dog-rescue scene exemplifies the power of nonverbal communication. The majority of communication is nonverbal, thus Hitch emphasizes the importance of this aspect of communication. The simple action this man performs of rescuing the dog, communicates a great amount about his personality; he is able to show that he is caring and nurturing. While he doesn’t need to explicitly tell her, â€Å"Hi. I am a kind and thoughtful person. Are you interested?† she is able to infer his personality from his nonverbal way of communicating. Note the man’s tone when he returns the dog: his nurturing tone reassures her that everything is alright, as well as the fact that he brave and kind. One key aspect of nonverbal communication is paralanguage. Paralanguage is how a statement is spoken, which includes tone, pitch, emphasis, pronunciation, and rate. This man’s use of paralanguage allows him to portray his personality without having to explicitly tell the woman about himself and his traits. Further along in the movie, Hitch goes to meet up with a new client who is in need of desperate help from the â€Å"love doctor.† His name is Albert Brennaman and he was hopelessly and irrevocably in love with Allegra Cole. During this scene, Hitch observes Albert from afar to get a sense of what kind of guy he is. Albert is sitting on stairs eating and in a matter of seconds he manages to spill mustard on his slacks. He then goes on to pouring soda on a napkin and trying to remove the stain, only to end up accidentally kicking over his soda and ruining his whole lunch. Hitch is meanwhile still observing Albert. From Albert’s nonverbal communication portrayed in this scene, Hitch assumes that Albert is clumsy and doesn’t really have a clue. Although Albert was not trying to convey a message through his actions, he most certainly did. There are three types of nonverbal communication the Albert portrayed in this scene. Firstly, he was using kinesis. Kinesis is a ty pe of nonverbal communication that involves the body. Body orientation, eye contact, and posture are all examples of kinesis. Secondly, he nonverbally communicates through his physical characteristics: attire, groomed facial hair, glasses, etc. Lastly, he communicates through his personal environment (A. Cardova, November 14, 2012). Albert shows territoriality, because although that area on the stairs is public property he still in a sense claims the space as his own. Looking at how he kept that environment for that particular scene gives insight into how he may keep his home and or office space. His area on the stairs, after a parade of accidents ended up looking butchered and a hot mess (Tennant, 2005). From these cues Hitch can conclude that this man needs his professional help as a love coach, but also maybe as a life coach. Nonverbal communication truly comes alive in the next scene of the movie, where Hitch is at a local bar admiring his future love interest, Sara Melas. In this scene, Hitch speaks to the bartender, who informs him about Sara’s normal bar habits. She drinks a dirty martini, which is odd because she usually gets a beer. Hitch determines that she must have had a tough week and a beer just wasn’t going to do the trick. As the scene plays out, he ends up pretending to be Sara’s significant other in order to get rid of another admiring contender. He then continues to engage in conversation with her and begins listing out all the nonverbal signals she is giving. Hitch says, â€Å"†¦you’re sending all the right signals: no earrings, heels under two inches, your hair is pulled back, you’re wearing reading glasses with no book, and drinking a grey goose martini†¦ and if that wasn’t clear enough there’s always the f–k off that you’ve got stamped on your forehead.† (Tennant, 2005). All of these are examples of communicating nonverbally through kinesis, body language, and physical characteristics. Nonverbal communication exists throughout the entirety of the film, but to catch and understand how it affects the development of the relationships, one must pay close attention. Relationship Development Two main relationships develop throughout the film Hitch. These relationships include characters, Albert and Allegra, and Hitch and Sara. Hitch and Sara’s relationship begins to develop from the first time they speak with one another in a bar. This interaction is part of the â€Å"coming together† part of Mark L. Knapp’s â€Å"Stages of Relationship Development† Model. This part of the model includes the initiating process, experimenting process, intensifying process, integrating process, and the bonding process. Hitch walking over to Sara in the bar and initiating a conversation is an example of the initiation process. This process is shown when one shows that they are interested in another and make them feel valued and worth one’s time. Once an individual initiates conversation in the model, the interaction progresses to the experimenting stage. When people try to find something in common between both, creating small talk and getting to know each other, they are interacting within the experimenting stage. Hitch and Sara converse in this way at the bar, but it occurs again when Hitch reaches Sara at her work through a walkie-talkie to ask her on a date for the upcoming Saturday. This stunt he pulls shows Sara his personality and creativity. The intensifying stage in Sara and Hitch’s relationship occurs on their first date. Hitch believes he is already in love with her, and knows there is something special about their relationship. In the intensifying stage, people who are beginning to be a dating couple often move into the stage by spending more time together, going on more dates, and sometimes even saying â€Å"I love you† to each other. While Hitch and Sara are on their first date, they make plans to go on a second date, which is part of the intensifying stage. They continue going on dates during this section of the film and keep spending more and more time together. They then consider themselves an official couple after this stage, and enter into the integrating stage of Knapp’s model. During this stage, the couple begins to define themselves as one to others, and begin to make future plans involving one another. The bonding stage goes coherently with the integrating stage because the couple uses gestures in public to display that they are in a relationship. These gestures include, holding hands, public display of affection, and walking side-by-side sharing each other’s company. Once Hitch and Sara’s relationship progresses, they display public affection everywhere they go. In the film, Hitch is seen kissing Sara goodbye before she left for work, which is an example of the bonding stage of Mark Knapp’s Relationship Development Model. The final stage of the Relationship Development Model seen the relationship between Hitch and Sara is shown through the words â€Å"I love you† said to each other at the end of the film. This is a smooth continuation of all of the previous stages of the model because in order to get to their current stage of relationship where they feel so deeply about one another, they had to go through all of the previous stages. The relationship between characters Albert and Allegra occurs differently than the relationship between Hitch and Sara. Albert is a financial consultant for Allegra, a famous celebrity. The concept of complementarity plays a big role in their relationship. Complementarity is displayed when the well-known idea that opposites attract, comes true, and two people find what they hope for in a relationship through the other’s differences. By Albert just being a typical financial consultant and Allegra being a famous celebrity, society did not expect that this would ever be a compatible union. Allegra describes Albert as sweet, charming, and not like all other men, while Albert describes Allegra as the girl of his dreams, his angel, and the lady he would die for and cannot live without. By the two having these similar feelings regarding each other, a connection is made in the way they feel about one another. Through this, they are both able to find reward through their growing relationship. Similarity is found within a developing relationship when two people have similar interests and goals. Rewards in a relationship are defined by the exchange theory. According to the Twelfth Edition of Interplay: The Process of Interpersonal Communication, the exchange theory is defined as the way â€Å"we often seek out people who can give us rewards that are greater than or equal to the cost we encounter in dealing with them† (p.283). In this case, Albert finds Allegra’s personality charming, and feels that she would be a good match for him if she would only pay attention to him. Allegra pays attention to Albert because she knows that he is not like the other men she has previously dated. She finds a sense of security from Albert because she can trust him to love her alone, unlike any of the other men she has dated. In the conclusion of the film, Albert and Allegra get married, which is proof for the bonding and integrating stages of Mark Knapp’s relationship development model. The way in which these relationships are developed is unique to them, and is greatly influenced by their cultures. Culture Merriam-Webster defines culture as, †Ã¢â‚¬ ¦the characteristic features of everyday existence (as diversions or a way of life) shared by people in a place or time.† Culture is something that is universal in nature, but is unique to every group of people. It is something that makes us as people of the world similar, and drastically different. Hitch looks at culture from a few different perspectives, one being from a familial stance, and the other relating to culture. Culture from a familial perspective deals with the dynamics of a family and how it is run. We are given small glimpses of families throughout Hitch, and for the most part, the culture seems to lean towards an individualistic culture. An individualistic culture is one that Adler (2012) would describe as a group of people who â€Å"†¦view their primary responsibility as helping themselves† (p. 38). People involved in an individualistic culture are very focused on the individual, and their needs in or der to further themselves in the world. A collectivistic culture is a type of culture that differs from this in that Adler (2012) speaks of as cultures that â€Å"feel loyalties and obligations to an in-group: one’s extended family, community, or even organization one works for† (p. 38). In Hitch, one of the more prominent characters Sara Melas, describes to Alex Hitchens an incident with her sister. By the way Sara speaks of her sister, Alex is able to figure out that she is speaking of her younger sister, due to the tone in her voice, and the phrasing she is using. Sara’s sister was involved in a near-death experience, and she explains how deeply impactful this experience was and how it has shaped how she lives. She cares very deeply for her younger sister and experiences intense pain and protectiveness when something negative happens. In this way, it seems that Sara is part of a larger collectivistic culture, due to the protectiveness and intense care she shows for her family. In the film, her life is mainly individualistic, but does indeed carry strong undertones of a collectivistic culture. Culture greatly deals with family and how one was raised, but it also heavily impacts individual relationships and how people interact within these connections. Cultures go about relationships and dating in drastically different ways. In some countries, couples are part of an arranged marriage, in other countries, the courting process is very formal, while in others, such as the one in Hitch, the relationship process is rather casual. Alex Hitchens works to bring couples together who wouldn’t normally be interested in one another, so perhaps one could label this as pairing a person from an in-group, with a person from an out-group. An in-group is a group where we find ourselves being able to identify with its members, whereas an out-group is a grouping of people with whom we would often label as different than us. In Hitch, the characters all deal with a great amount of power distance, which according to Adler (2012) is â€Å"†¦the degree to which members of a society accept an unequal distribution of power† (p. 39). The odd pairings Hitchens is able to bring together, often possess a higher degree of power distance. For example, Allegra and Albert, two people who no one ever thought could be together due to the extreme differences in their day to day lives and culture, were able to be together because the amount of power distance they saw in their relationships was minimal compared to what the outside world saw. The culture of New York deals with dating in a much more casual and open fashion. The thought that women are always looking for someone to be with, even if they say they’re not looking is extremely stressed. This shows aspects of an individualistic culture, due to the fact that the focus of life is greatly on oneself and the furthering of one’s life. Hitch displays many examples of culture weaved into normal, everyday life, both positive and negative. Conclusion The relationships that come together throughout Hitch, are wholly dependent upon communication. Their union is built upon a foundation of communication, both verbal and nonverbal, which is perceived in certain ways, and influenced by culture. The verbal communication is brought through spoken dialogue between people. Nonverbal communication is shown through body language and nonverbal cues, and as seen previously, makes up 60% of communication. Perception of verbal and nonverbal communication is pivotal, due to the fact that it is dependent upon the individual and how they understand something to be. Lastly, culture ties all of these aspects together, because it is due to the culture in which one is raised and the world in which they live in that they understand and interpret life. Hitch is a prime example of these aspects of communication because it brings together many of the important pieces of communication in a way that is easily relatable and understandable to the common person . References Adler, R. B., Rosenfeld, L. B., & Proctor II, R. R. (2012). Twelfth edition of interplay: the process of interpersonal communication. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, Inc. Cardova A., (November 14, 2012) Nonverbal Communication. Interpersonal Communications. Lecture conducted from Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. Dictionary and Thesaurus – Merriam-Webster Online. (2012). Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 11/20/2012 from http://www.merriam-webster.com/ Tennant, A. (Director). Lassiter, J., Smith, W., Zee, T. (Producers). (2005). Hitch [Motion Picture] United States: Columbia Pictures

Petronius’s Satyricon: Trimalchio and Encolpius Essay

Satyricon is a unique literary work which is a combination of first-person narration and tales encompassing the lives of still the ordinary Greek stack. Gaius Petronius wrote it around 61 AD inspired by the profuse animationstyle in Rome, books, art, and self-expression, vulgar shame of wealth, pretension, and religious superstition depicting Nero in almost parts of the novel (Wilson, 2007). Tacitus, a famous historian, was the main source of Petronius life.Petronius worked as a consul during Neros reign. He is know as the Arbiter which means evaluate of elegance whom Emperor Nero often consults slightly matters regarding luxury, extravagance, art and literature. However, a rival got grabby over who accused him of treason. In response, Petronius pull suicide instead of being penalize (Ruden, 2000). Petronius wide experience on literature and arts allowed to explore write a sophisticated book to the highest degree the mint in different ranks.Satyricon main characters emb arrass (1) Encolpius, who is the narrator (2) Trimalchio, a knuckle down (3) Agamemnon , instructor of Encolpius and (4) Fortunata, the wife of Trimalchio (dinner party with Trimalchio from the Satyricon,). Encolpius is very slick and adventurous man who is as well a student of rhetoric who composes and delivers speeches. Encolpius was cursed by the phallic god, Priapus, to be impotent and he travels all along with his friends Giton and Ascyltos just to go a cure. Ascyltos, a young and gay, is likewise a student of rhetoric.Giton, on the new(prenominal) roll, is a slave who accompanied them end-to-end their journey. Along their travel, they a met a poet named Eumolpus whom they met on the road and decided to travel with them also (Sergius, 2005). They traveled to Campania, a Greek township and delivered a speech there about his dislike on the prevailing literature. He said accused the proponents of declamatory tuition as the root. However, Agamemnon who is a declaimer, b lame in on the p bents instead. His friend Ascyltos on the opposite hand, left in escape from Agamemnon. much than disputes has happened, but one of the most strong events in on the novel is the Dinner with Trimalchio. Trimalchio used to be a slave but because of his perseverance, he was able to freed himself and off wealth and power at the said(prenominal) quantify. The foursome happens to be invited by Trimalchio and his wife, Fortunata, on a lavish dinner that they neer imagined. Aside from the Encolpius and his friends, high ranking people are also invited such as the rich, lawyers, traders, merchants, and other free men.Trimalchios house, as described by Encolpius, is very prominent especially the breakwater motion pictures of a ingest dog whom Encolpius thought was real painting of the Trimalchios life Iliad and Odyssey and gladiatorial chip (Wilson, 2007). Encolpius is fascinated by all the wall paintings saying that, There was no time in which to examine them all . Trimalchio is fashion with napkin with purple border, his left hand wearing rings one of polished gold with iron stars around it, a golden arm-band on his serious arm, and a bracelet mad of ivory.Trimalchio is described as a senator and equestrian fanatic. Trimalchio believes in some superstition such as right foot forward first, preoccupation with last and zodiac dish. Each zodiac is represented with a particular(prenominal) dish such as take on Aries, beef on Taurus, kidneys on Gemini, crown on cancer, sows womb on Virgo, African figure on Leo, balance on Libra, seafish on Scorpio, bulls eye on Saguitarrius, lobster on Capricorn, goose on Aquarius and mullet on Pisces (Gill, 2007). Encolpius asked a servant and larn more of the how wealthy Trimalchio is.Trimalchio purchased expensive wool, pitch, pepper, rams, bees from Attica and other mannikins of things he bought. His wealth continues to increase and is skilful enough to conceal if his business goes break up by ann ouncing an auction. Throughout the dinner, Trimalchio assay to address and boast all about his life and how he got the wealth he is enjoying. He is implying that he used to get to vigor at all but despite of that, he is now richer and powerful. He entertains hi node with extravagant dishes and exhibitions, the way he treated his slaves and his pretence of raising (Gill, 2007).When Trimalchio forgive himself to the toilet, the freedmen soon discussed about different sort of things such as weather, public games, education of their children, and the problems they encounter. After Trimalchio finished, he continues to delight them with more dishes. Stories are told about witches, and werewolf. Another guest came, a stonesmason named Habinnas, with his wife and chat with Trimalchios wife about their jewelries. However, Encolpius and his friends are get bored and irritated and tried to issue the dinner.The foursome are prevented to escape by a servant but later on hearing a soun d of horns when Trimalchio tried to portray his funeral, they escaped (Gill, 2007). More adventures followed as the foursome tried to escape by the sea. The setting of the dinner is speculated to have happened either in Naples or Pompeii. Petronius tells about freedman and it is assumed that most of the freedmen in Satyricon are Greek or Macedonian slaves who have learned Latin without receiving any prim education (Sergius, 2005).

Art History – Civil War

Two of the decades biggest stories came early on with the New York Times inform of the Pentagon papers in 1971 and the working capital Posts coverage of Watergate scandal twine 1972 and 1976. 1 The asss displayed a trend of younger Journalists with high-pitcheder ideals. Instead of merely covering the sores on the regime with blind-eye objectivity, Journalists began actively seeking demeanors to analyze and expose all type of dishonesty in its actions. 2 The Pentagon Papers scandal false the American public against the Vietnam struggle and exposed the U. S.Government for its lies and false promises over the past decade. 3 Bob Wood fightd and Carl Bernstein reporting of the Watergate scandal is considered one of the high points in American investigative journalism. By teaching a variety of sources and interrogating U. S. Government officials inside the fair House and the FBI, Woodward and Bernstein published numerous stories showing cogent evidence of am illegal preside ntial cover-up and b othersome trick politics. 4 The Watergate scandal demonstrated how new technology began to aid the delivery of the word of honor in the sasss.Television, for example, began to take off, as people were now subject to easily see and believe the give-and-take in a timely fashion, rather than simply practice about it. On August 8, 1974, electric chair Richard Nixon formally reigned from the office of President in a televised broadcast. It was a defining moment in American history, as Nixon became the first president to willingly give up his position. The televised address confirmed that Americans were beginning to view goggle box receiver as a primary source of information. nightly news broadcasts also expanded upon their success from the sasss.Each of the leash major television networks had their own recogniz adequate and reckon Journalists helping their newscasts. For example, Walter Coronate, who was hailed as The Most Trusted earth in America, ancho red CBS. Nabs team of John Chancellor and David Brinkley were a strong second, while BBC had a seacoast helped by Howard K. Smith. 6 Of course, the increased reliance on television in turn slightly decreased the splendour of radio in the daily lives of Americans. Television and newspapers severely became the leading news outlets during this time.Thus, because there was not as wide a variety of viable news sources (online, cable television, etc. ), audiences were not as break as they are today in purpose the news. 7 The asss also brought forth economic and affectionate changes in the lives of American citizens, which made obtaining the news charge more than relevant during the time. Major trends included greater cynicism of government, advancement in civil rights, increased submit of the womens movement, and environmental awareness. 8 During the course of the Vietnam War, Americans suffered through a slight depression.The news, in television and paper, became a way to constan tly stay aware of study and planetary proceedings. 9 The war led to a heightened pertain in daily-televised news. In turn, the Vietnam War became commonly cognise as the Living Room War, as families were able to see the violence occurring overseas. 10 In addition, the Watergate scandal, hard roe v. Wade in 1973, the Fall of Saigon in 1975, among other major news stories, were all landmark diachronic moments-?thus making the news more culturally relevant than ever at the time.A new norm in Journalism also appeared during the sasss decade know as New Journalism, or literary Journalism. al The works in the new genre were characterized by adding novelistic twists to reportage. Usual standards of accuracy were usually nonexistent and were a good deal dependent on the mood of a range or event. 12 Writers much(prenominal) as Truman Capote, gobbler Wolfe, Hunter S. Thompson and others reared a form of Journalism in which writers became more artistic and created nonfiction novels. The accuracy and reporting in these stories became the subject of disputation and caused hunch in journalistic integrity. 3 Traditional Journalists argued that the professional Journalistic norms of accuracy and factual verifiability discouraged the use of techniques such as inner monologue and excessive, over-the- top detail. However, the controversy of fact-and-fiction reporting in the sasss led to more formal rules and guidelines for Journalists. Many major Journalistic organizations and individual news organizations established codes and standards to limit the involvement of their Journalists in activities that could potentially embarrass their organizations. 14 Thus, while much of the asss reflected a crusading-yet-objective style of Journalism, sensationalism and exaggeration were both solace very much present. The relationship between the government and the media remained ever changing throughout the decade. In 1970, President Nixon created the Office of Telecommunicatio ns Policy in order to variant the rising importance of media in new formats. 5 During this time, news coverage of the Vietnam War via television showed Americans the horrors of war overseas and public sentiment towards Nixon and the war turned sour.The Tops criticism of public broadcastings coverage of the Nixon administration, however, undermined congressional alimentation for public broadcasting. 16 Another major development in 1970 was the creation of National habitual Radio. NP began producing and distributing a variety of news programs and specials, funded by the governments mess for mankind Broadcasting (CAB). 17 Ata time when television was gaining momentum, a variety of different government actions moderate further progression of public broadcasting.For example, in 1975 the Public Broadcasting Financing Act was signed, forcing the CAB to take to to Congress for funding every year. Furthermore, the he Public Telecommunications Financing Act restricted the Cabs manageri al and fiscal freedom. 18 Newspapers and magazines, however, still received a majority of their funding from advertising. However, since television began to steal more of the national audience, print magazines and papers began to move towards a more socialized advertising model. This idea became fully know in the following decade. 9 Ultimately, the sasss brought forth a major interest in Journalism. From government mistrust to civil rights, Journalism and getting the news was a priority for a vast majority of the American public. Thousands of Baby Boomers from World War II large(p) enrollment in U. S. Journalism college programs, creating a times of journalists that would not be changed until the birth and rise of the lucre in the 21st century. 20 Works Cited Miller, bloody shame and Teresa Crude. A 20th Century Timeline Classroom employment of Instructional Film, Radio, and Television.